Properties of Water.

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Water

Polarity of Water No net charge Oxygen end is a bit negative; hydrogen end is a bit positive This polarity attracts other polar molecules; and repels nonpolar molecules

More about Polarity Polar molecules attracted to water are called hydrophilic or water loving. Nonpolar molecules repelled by water are called hydrophobic or water dreading.

Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic Water and salad oil and other lipids? Water and sugar?

Hydrogen Bonds When a hydrogen atom bonded to one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative area (often N or O) of another molecule. Very weak individual bond. Can be a “strong” force if there are many H bonds.

Temperature Stabilizing Compared to other liquids, water can absorb more heat energy before its temperature increases measurably. Much incoming energy breaks hydrogen bonds, but does not increase motion of molecules

San Bernardino Burbank Santa Barbara 73° 100° 90° Riverside 96° Fig. 3-5 San Bernardino 100° Burbank 90° Santa Barbara 73° Riverside 96° Los Angeles (Airport) 75° Santa Ana 84° Palm Springs 106° 70s (°F) 80s Pacific Ocean 90s 100s Figure 3.5 The effect of a large body of water on climate San Diego 72° 40 miles

Cohesion Water sticks to water Hydrogen bonds pull water molecules on the surface inward, resulting in high surface tension. This is cohesion. Allows water bugs to stay on top

Adhesion Water sticks to other molecules Water molecules will climb up a tube because the molecules stick to the sides of the tube. Then cohesion among water molecules encourages movement.

Water as a Solvent Ions and polar molecules readily dissolve in water. It is the largest component of your blood, which contains many solutes Solute: substance that is dissolved

Why these properties? Hydrogen Bonding

Water is neutral Acids: pH <7 etc. Bases: pH >7 etc. Water dissociates into OH- and H+ Water is neutral because there are equal numbers of OH- and H+ Acids: pH <7 etc. Bases: pH >7 etc. Each pH unit is a 10X change in H+

The Water Cycle

Where is the Water? 72% Most cells are 70-95% water

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