Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation. SSWH 9 Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.

European Renaissance and Reformation: Do Now Describe in a paragraph HOW the Christian Church controlled people during the Middle Ages and WHY. Minimum of 4 complete sentences

Renaissance (1300-1600) Rebirth in Classical culture of arts and learning Florence, Italy City where the Renaissance begins Powerful Merchant Class Greek & Roman Heritage

Medici Family Powerful banking family that dominated the politics of Florence Helped stimulate rebirth in art Patron Financial supporter of the arts Cosimo de Medici

Humanism Intellectual movement that focused on studying Greek and Roman Classics in order to better understand the world Petrarch Poet and scholar who is called the “Father of Humanism” Organized a library of Greek & Roman works.

Renaissance Writers Dante The Divine Comedy Story of a man’s journey into Hell and Heaven Summarizes Christian ethics in a new, imaginative way

Renaissance Writers Erasmus Humanist writer who encouraged people to be open-minded and show good will toward others. Encouraged the Bible to be translated from Latin into the vernacular (language of the people)

Renaissance Writers Machiavelli The Prince Describes how a ruler can retain power through both honesty & deception The end justifies the means Being feared is more important than being loved if a leader has to choose between the two.

Do Now Pick one rule at VHS that you would change. Explain what changes you would make. Explain why you think that rule needs to be changed. Explain how you would go about making that change. Paragraph Form. At least 4 sentences.

Renaissance Art Realistic- based off ancient Greco-Roman influences Subjects famous & wealthy individuals who commissioned (paid for) paintings/sculptures Christian stories and individuals Greek & Roman subjects

Perspective- shows 3-D on flat surfaces

Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist Many notebooks w/ drawings on art and science “Renaissance Man” Expert at many things

Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci

Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo Renaissance Sculptor and Painter Statue of David

Michelangelo: Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

Renaissance Spreads Johann Gutenberg Spread into N. Europe through trade Johann Gutenberg Printing Press spread Renaissance ideas b/c fast and cheap book production

Legacy of the Renaissance Even though The Church was still powerful, it no longer had the undivided attention of the people. Printing=more books= desire & ability to learn People began to question religious, political, and social structures

Reformation Church had become corrupt (dishonest) Clergy (Church officials) were more concerned with making money than Church teachings. Indulgence Certificate sold by the Church that forgave a person’s sins. Erasmus & other Christian Humanists began to push for reform (changes)

Martin Luther 95 Theses Luther’s criticisms of the Church Nailed them to the door of the Church that he was pastor at in Germany Spread quickly

Luther’s Teachings Salvation through faith ONLY instead of having to go through the Church to be saved Teachings based off Bible Pope and Rituals not necessary People do not need a priest to interpret the Bible The Bible should be written in the vernacular

Split in the Catholic Church Luther popular b/c society is unhappy Protestants Christian group formed by supporters of Luther Based off of Luther’s teachings

John Calvin Church Reformer who lived in Switzerland Predestination Belief that salvation was determined by God before a person was born Calvinism

Protestant Reformation Christianity 1054 Great Schism Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Church of Christ 1517 Protestant Reformation Episcopal Lutheranism Calvinism Baptist Church of God Presbyterian Methodist

Do Now Compare and contrast Catholics and Protestants. 3 similarities 3 differences Complete paragraph…at least 5 sentences.

Catholic Reformation Despite Protestant Reformation, many people remain Catholic but want reforms Jesuits Means “Society of Jesus” Schools Converts & Missions Stop Protestantism

Council of Trent Catholic leaders met to discuss church guidelines Results: Christians need faith AND good works Bible AND Church traditions equal authority Indulgences valid, except when sold for the wrong reasons

English Reformation Henry VIII King of England Wanted a divorce from his first wife because she had not given birth to a son Only sons could inherit the throne Without a son, England would be in chaos after Henry’s death Since England was Catholic, only the Pope could grant a divorce The Pope said no.

Henry VIII decided to make himself the head of the Church of England instead of the Pope. Divorced Beheaded Divorced Died Survived

Elizabeth I Henry VIII’s daughter Made the Church of England Anglican Compromise between Protestant and Catholic

Legacy of Reformation Protestantism spread and created more denominations Catholic Church re-organized itself in order to keep followers Schools & Education Catholic church power over monarchies