Chapter 6 – Coherence © 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Learning Outcomes By the time you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: LO1 Recognize transitions in reading. LO2 Use transitions in writing. LO3 Read for coherence. LO4 Write for coherence. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Transitions help unify a text by connecting ideas from sentence to sentence and paragraph to paragraph. Certain transitions are associated with common patterns of organization. Recognizing transitions will alert you to the type of text you are reading. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Chronological Transitions – often used in narrative and process essays © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Spatial Transitions – used to arrange details in descriptions © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Example Transitions – used to announce or introduce new examples in essays that explain, classify, and illustrate © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Cause-Effect Transitions –used in cause-effect essays, one of the most important patterns in informational writing © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Comparison-Contrast Transitions – used in essays that compare and contrast © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Recognizing Transitions in Reading Logical Order Transitions – used in essays that present information in a sensible order, moving logically from one point to the next © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Activity Read the following assignments, and decide which types of transitions you should primarily use. Write an essay discussing similarities and differences between Freud’s theory of personality and current behavioral theories of personality. Write an essay describing a tangible object that holds significant meaning for you. Write an essay explaining the processes of mitosis and meiosis. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Activity Read the following assignments, and decide which types of transitions you should primarily use. Write an essay in which you choose one type of modern technology and illustrate its impact on society today. Write an essay identifying and explaining three rhetorical strategies used by the author to persuade his or her audience. Write an essay discussing how the events of 9/11 have changed America’s views on homeland security. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Reading for Coherence Characteristics of coherent readings: details explain or support a clearly identifiable topic and main idea supporting information is organized and builds sensibly key points are clarified and expanded upon important words and phrases are repeated pronoun references connect ideas transitions help readers follow the text © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Writing for Coherence Tips for coherent writing – clear, complete, unified: Write about topics that interest you. Approach your writing as a process. Share your writing as it develops. Be willing to experiment or take risks. Remember the end game. Serp, 2014 / Use under license from Shutterstock.com © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Writing for Coherence Checking for Overall Coherence © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Closing Activity Work in groups to decide on appropriate transitions for the following paragraph. Many people believe that a student’s freshman year is carefree and without stress. __________, most first-year college students must learn to cope with many new difficulties. __________, freshmen must adjust to the routine of academia, which includes meeting with advisors and learning about pre-requisites. __________, the added financial stress can be daunting as tuition and books can put a fiscal burden on many students. __________, students must learn the skills of an active learner in order to be academically successful. If students can overcome these struggles as freshmen, the remaining college years should be much more manageable. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.