Comparison Sample Scenarios On your own: Read scenario Decide is this Lamark’s or Darwin’s work What are key details in the scenario that supports your decision on Lamark or Darwin. With Partner Discuss your findings

Scenario A - Exemplar Scenario A. Contains the elements of Lamarck’s hypothesis: 1) environmental change creates “need” for individuals to change 2) by individual effort, physical changes were produced, and 3) newly acquired physical changes somehow became genetic, and were passed on to offspring.

Scenario B – Exemplar Scenario B. Contains the elements of Darwin’s natural selection process: 1) inheritable variations 2) an environmental change 3) survival and reproduction of those with traits enabling survival in the changing environment. No mention of “need” nor individual efforts to make physical changes “in order to survive”.

Do we remember? Which of the following is not one of Lamark’s hypothesis? Environment changes, so the specie needs to change Develops new features to survive Variations are inherited Acquired traits are passed down to offspring Which of the following is one of Darwin’s hypothesis? Organisms with selected traits have survival rates New species eventually happen

Topic: Evidence of Evolution Write down everything you already know that scientists use to prove evolution. In:

Topic: Evidence of Evolution What: Understand evidence of evolution presented by Darwin. 2.9a RWC 3.2f/g, 4d How: In 1 MC and 2 CR, apply evidence of evolution to real-world examples of evolution. Why: Be able to differentiate between fact and opinion in every day life!

Why does this matter? What are 3 opinions you see in this 1950s article? Do you see any facts? If so what are they?

Evidence for Evolution from a common ancestor Comparative Anatomy Fossil Records Genetics – DNA similarities Observed Evolution Quick Check: Does “common ancestory” mean we came from monkeys? 1. YES 2. NO

Infer based on your prior knowledge What could fossils tell us about evolution?

Fossil Record We can trace organisms back to their common ancestors based on the fossil record. Turn to a partner and describe how fossil records are like a comic strip.

Genetics Organisms’ DNA can be compared in order to determine how closely they are related. Human DNA sequences are about 1.2% different from the chimpanzee, 1.6% from gorillas The entire genome has been sequenced for many organisms!! Which two are closest relatives? How do you know? 1: ATTCGAGCCTA 2: ATTCCGGCCTA 3: ATTCGTGCCTA

Observations: London’s Pepper Moth Two different colors of moths exist in the same species. Typically, they are hidden against light colored trees. Their habitat was changed during the Industrial Revolution. Focus Question: Does this story support Darwin’s theory of natural selection? Why or why not? C: support or not? R: Describe WHY using definition of natural selection vocabulary

Which ones do you think survived Which ones do you think survived? Make a line graph for each population on your whiteboards.

Descent with Modification Everything we talked about today: Genetics Fossil Record Observations All support: Descent with modification All organisms have emerged from a common ancestor through the process of natural selection!!!!

Think back to London’s peppered moths. Make a pie chart showing the color distribution (black and peppered) of what the population might have looked like before the factory was built. Make a second pie chart that shows what the color distribution of the population might have looked like after it was built.

Application! Household cleaner says it kills 99.9% of the bacteria. What about the other 0.1%? Using your knowledge of evidence of evolution, describe what happens to the other 0.1% using the following vocabulary words: adapts, trait, evolution, and survivors.

Summary Exemplar When a pesticide or an antibacterial spray kills ALMOST all of the organisms, the few that survive have traits that protect them. These survivors reproduce, until now the pesticide is basically useless. Scientists can directly observe evolution in some species, such as bacteria or insects because their generations last a short amount of time

Topic: Evidence of Evolution What: Understand evidence of evolution presented by Darwin. 2.9a RWC 3.2f/g, 4d How: In 1 MC and 2 CR apply evidence of evolution to real-world examples of evolution. Why: Be able to differentiate between fact and opinion in every day life!

Check-In Which of the following is not evidence of evolution? (1pt) DNA similarities b. anatomical trends within species religion d. anatomical similarities in fossils 2. Describe how each of the above evidences supports Darwin’s theory of natural selection. (3pts) 3. Darwin observed finches with different beak sizes and shapes. Explain what caused the difference in beak size/shape using the following terms: natural selection, fitness, adaptation, and environment. (4 pts)

Check-In Exemplar C – Religion is not evidence for Evolution. Fossils – shows adaptation of ancient animals to present day ancestors. DNA – DNA similarities between animals supports the fact that mutations lead to adaptations and thus natural selection. Anatomical trends – differences in anatomical features in same species based on environment supports survival of the fittest argument. 3. Through the process of natural selection, finches located on different islands had to adapt to their environments to ensure their fitness. Different sizes and shapes of beaks evolved for the finches to be able to successfully hunt/eat the food available in their environment.

Conditions necessary for a new species!! How do you make a new species?

What – How – Why? What: ID the conditions necessary for a new species to evolve. 2.9d RWC -3.2f/g, 4d How: In a prof./adv. CR hypothesize what will happen to the human population after long-distance space travel if our species follows the rules of evolution. Why? DISPROVE HUMANS FROM MONKIES!!

Article

Why? Is there a certain point where humans became “human”? Why aren’t there more “human-like” organisms on this planet if we are always changing?

Species? Species - A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. How would you have to change in order to be considered a new species? Enough mutations that your genes are no longer able to make a baby with another person.

The Conditions What conditions must be true for evolution to produce new species? Mutations Why would new things never emerge without this? Natural Selection What two things will determine which genes get “selected”? Heredity Why would natural selection not work if babies did not have similar traits as their parents? Separation Paint Example

Discussion Pick Two 1. Immediately after a species was split into two separate groups, were they still capable of breeding? (Same species?) What are two separate human groups that are still capable of breeding? 2. Why do mutations have to happen slowly? (What if 1 mutation made the color change from one generation to the next?) 3. Is it possible that in the past an individual has experienced a mutation so significant that he/she was no longer able to breed? Why aren’t they still around?

What would happen? What would happen if a species was never separated from itself? (When we divided the paint into two cups)

The Spectrum Is there a spot on this spectrum where the color is no longer red, or no longer blue? How is this like evolution?

DOL: Misconception Now that you have more information about speciation, explain in a CR why it is inaccurate/misleading. (Hint: does our common ancestor still exist today?)

DOL In a prof./adv. CR hypothesize what will happen to the human population after long-distance space travel if our species follows the rules of evolution.