Multiculturalism

In the world today, more than 6 billion people live. If this world were shrunk to the size of a village of 100 people, what would it look like?

59 would be Asian 14 would be American (NCS) 14 would be African 12 would be European 1 would be from the South Pacific

50 would be women, 50 would be men 30 would be children, 70 would be adults. 70 would be nonwhite, 30 would be white 90 would be heterosexual, 10 would be homosexual

33 would be Christians 21 would be Muslims 15 would be Hindus 6 would be Buddhists 5 would be Animists 6 would believe in other religions 14 would be without any religion or atheist.

15 would speak Chinese, Mandarin 7 English 6 Hindi 6 Spanish 5 Russian 4 Arabic 3 Bengali 3 Portuguese The other would speak Indonesian, Japanese, German, French, or some other language.

1 is dying of starvation, while 15 are overweight. 20 are underonurished 1 is dying of starvation, while 15 are overweight. Of the wealth in this village, 6 people own 59% (all of them from the United States), 74 people own 39%, and 20 people share the remaining 2%. Of the energy of this village, 20 people consume 80%, and 80 people share the remaining 20%.

20 have no clean, safe water to drink. 56 have access to sanitation 15 adults are illiterate. 1 has an university degree. 7 have computers.

In one year, 1 person in the village will die, but in the same year, 2 babies will be born, so that at the year's end the number of villagers will be 101. If you do not live in fear of death by bombardment, armed attack, landmines, or of rape or kidnapping by armed groups, then you are more fortunate than 20 who do.

If you can speak and act according to your faith and your conscience without harassment, imprisonment, torture or death, then you are more fortunate than 48 who can not. If you have money in the bank, money in your wallet and spare change somewhere around the house, then you are among the richest 8.

Immigration 1865-1920

What is a Migration? to move from one country, place, or locality to another

What is an Emigrant? a person who leaves one's place of residence or country to live elsewhere emigrated from China to the United States

What is an Immigrant? a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence immigrated to the United States from China

Where did the majority of Immigrants to the United States originate from?

Where did the majority of Immigrants to the United States originate from?

Between 1865 and 1890, the vast majority of immigrants came from Europe, with the majority of those coming from the northwest and central countries. Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, Poland Between 1890 and 1920, the vast majority of Immigrants came from central, southern, and eastern Europe, and to a lesser extent, the Middle East Russia, Bulgaria, Italy, Turkey

How many Immigrants came to the United States?

In 1860, the US population totaled approx. 31.5 million people Between 1865 and 1920, almost 30 million immigrants came to the US

Where do immigrants live today?

Immigration Statistics

Northwestern Europe 7238234 Most 1881-85 Least 1916-20

Central Europe 7394373 Most 1906-10 Least 1916-20

Eastern Europe 3564698 Most 1906-10 Least 1871-75

Southern Europe 4883571 Most 1906-10 Least 1871-75

Asia 699564 Most 1906-10 Least 1886-90

The Americas 2375342 Most 1916-20 Least 1891-95

Africa 17376 Most 1911-15 Least 1876-80

Oceania 53904 Most 1886-90 Least 1896-00

1871-1875 1726183

1876-1880 1085218

1881-1885 2975233

1886-1890 2270591

1891-1895 2110046

1896-1900 1563455

1901-1905 3832706

1906-1910 4929166

1911-1915 4459587

1916-1920 1274877

Most Amount of Immigrants 1906-1910 4929166 Immigrants

Least Amount of Immigrants 1876-1880 1085218 Immigrants

Why did emigrants leave their homelands? (Push Causes)

Issues in the homeland included: Unemployment and/or Low wages War Natural Disasters Political Turmoil Religious Persecution Ethnic Cleansing/Genocide Poor Climate Criminal Escapees Famine, Drought

Why was the United States the most popular destination for Immigrants from 1865-1920? (Pull Causes)

Plentiful land at relatively cheap prices An abundance of jobs, many not requiring specific skills Religious and political freedoms No wars Lower tax rates Education opportunities Medical treatment

Where did Immigrants enter the United States?

Major port cities of entry for immigrants included: New York (70% of all immigrants) Boston Philadelphia Baltimore San Francisco Seattle

Ellis Island, NY

Angel Island, California

Where did Immigrants go once they entered the United States?

Many immigrants settled in their port of entry Many immigrants settled in their port of entry. Cities such as New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and San Francisco had high proportions of immigrant residents. Jobs, housing, opportunities were readily available.

Many immigrants settled in areas closest to their homelands, such as the Chinese in California, Central and South Americans and Caribbean Islands in Florida, Mexicans in Texas. Based on geographic closeness, similar climates, and those who came before had provided a safe haven for new immigrants.

Many immigrants would move to parts of the country that offered jobs similar to those they had in their homelands. Many Polish immigrants to the Great Lakes region and the mid-west for farming and dairy Many Jews to major cities to open small shops and get involved in the banking industry Many Germans to places like Detroit and Chicago to take part in the industrial markets Only 2% of all immigrants settled in Southern cities due to the lack of job opportunities

Within cities, many immigrants would move into particular neighborhoods where one ethnic or racial group dominated (ghetto). “Chinatown” or “Little Italy”. Often times there were identifiable street and landmark borders. Sometimes this was by choice of those who lived there, sometimes by force through fear or intimidation by other groups.

Limiting Immigration

Why would the government limit the amount of immigrants coming into the United States? Racism and Prejudices Economics Did Immigrants lower wages, drive property values down, and were illegals an expense on tax payers? Did they take all of the menial jobs, take too many of the good jobs, etc.? War Overpopulation

How does the United States limit Immigration?

How do you limit the amount of immigrants coming into a country? Quotas - the share or proportion assigned to each in a division or to each member of a body Exclusions - to prevent or restrict the entrance of

Quotas were used to either limit to overall flow of immigrants into the US, or to put specific limits on the amount of people from a particular country or region of the world Exclusions were used to prohibit specific groups from immigrating to the US entirely

Example of a Quota Immigration Act of 1924 – the 1890 US Census totaled the amount of immigrants in the US, and then restricted immigration to 2% of each individual group’s total IE. There were 200,000 Italian immigrants in the US in 1890. Only 4,000 Italians were allowed entry each year thereafter.

Examples of Exclusions In 1875, Congress banned criminals and prostitutes from entering the US In 1882, “idiots” and “lunatics” and those “at risk” for becoming a public problem were banned from entering the US In 1891, “paupers”, “polygamists” and the “diseased” were banned from entering the US

Examples of Exclusions Chinese Exclusion Act – pressured by US labor unions, the US Congress prohibited Chinese workers from entering the US. It was instituted from 1882 to 1902, and then became a permanent ban until 1943. From 1943 to 1965, only 105 Chinese immigrants were allowed per year. Webb Alien Land Law – in 1913, California banned non-citizen Asians from owning farmland

Should We Build a Wall at the Border?