Transcription Translation Mutations rDNA Potpourri 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

Occurs in the _______

nucleus

Name of DNA strand used to make mRNA

Sense strand

Responsible for the unzipping/unwinding of DNA

DNA helicase

These are added to the 5’ and 3’ ends of mRNA after introns are removed

Cap (5’) and poly A tail (3’)

Enzyme needed to rewind DNA

DNA gyrase

Names of 3 steps in translation

Initiation, elongation, termination

Structure formed when multiple copies of the same protein is needed

polysome

Meth–tRNA binds to mRNA start codon in the ____site

P

Nucleotide sequence on a tRNA

anticodon

Exact location of release factor in ribosome and mRNA

A site, stop codon

Anything/agent that cause changes to genes/DNA sequence

mutations

______ mutations causes changes to all codons “downstream” of the mutation

frameshift

Gene or chromosome mutation? Turner syndrome

chromosome

Type of point mutation that occurs when the SAME amino acid results

silent

Name of a disease that results from a missense mutation

PKU, Albinism, sickle cell

Definition of rDNA

DNA with inserted DNA of another organism

3 uses of rDNA

1) Cloning genes 2) produce biotechnology products 3) make transgenic organisms 4) gene therapy (insert healthy genes)

rDNA depends on the action of these proteins

Restriction enzymes

This process does not depend on restriction enzymes and is used to do this to DNA

PCR, amplify

Vector commonly used to insert human gene into bacterial cell

plasmid

Dolly the sheep was named after Dolly Parton because she was cloned from a ______ cell

mammary

Down syndrome is an example of what can result from this type of mutation

chromosomal

Ribosome moves along mRNA in this direction

5’ – 3’

This is added to the “end” of a polypeptide chain so that it is released from the final tRNA

water

UAA, UAG and UGA are codons for this

Stop / no a.a