The Importance of Being Earnest A look at Victorian ideals.

Oscar Wilde Born October 16, 1854 in Dublin Born October 16, 1854 in Dublin Educated at Trinity College and Oxford Educated at Trinity College and Oxford Famous for flamboyant dress, contempt of conventional values and belief in aestheticism Famous for flamboyant dress, contempt of conventional values and belief in aestheticism Married Constance Lloyd in 1884 Married Constance Lloyd in 1884 Did not hide his homosexuality Did not hide his homosexuality

Aestheticism Embraced the idea of art for the sake of beauty and beauty alone. Embraced the idea of art for the sake of beauty and beauty alone. Characterised by the attitude of making "art for art's sake. Characterised by the attitude of making "art for art's sake. Belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots. Belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots. Took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde. Took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.

Wildes Downfall The end began when Wilde met Lord Alfred Douglas (Bosie) The end began when Wilde met Lord Alfred Douglas (Bosie) Had a homosexual affair from 1891 – his death in Had a homosexual affair from 1891 – his death in Was put on trial for homosexual acts. Being gay was not a crime, the sexual act itself was. Was put on trial for homosexual acts. Being gay was not a crime, the sexual act itself was. Trial brought by Bosies homophobic father (Queensberry). Trial brought by Bosies homophobic father (Queensberry).

The Court Case Bosie (protected by his powerful family) was never charged. Bosie (protected by his powerful family) was never charged. Only names mentioned were those of working class. Names of upper class were written if necessary but never revealed. Only names mentioned were those of working class. Names of upper class were written if necessary but never revealed. Case allegedly was partly to redirected attention away from Queensberrys older brother who was having an affair with Philip Primrose who would later become Prime Minister. Case allegedly was partly to redirected attention away from Queensberrys older brother who was having an affair with Philip Primrose who would later become Prime Minister. Government punished Wilde to appease Queensberry. Government punished Wilde to appease Queensberry.

The Punishment Wilde sentenced to two years imprisonment in Pentonville Prison. Wilde sentenced to two years imprisonment in Pentonville Prison. Spent 23 hours a day in a poorly ventilated cell and 1 hour exercising. Had very little human contact. Spent 23 hours a day in a poorly ventilated cell and 1 hour exercising. Had very little human contact. Allowed no photos, could only read The Bible and prayer books. Allowed no photos, could only read The Bible and prayer books. Food was unspeakable, bed was wooden boards. Food was unspeakable, bed was wooden boards.

The Rest of His Punishment Left this prison 30 lbs lighter and in poor health. Left this prison 30 lbs lighter and in poor health. Transferred to Wandsworth Prison. Transferred to Wandsworth Prison. Released in May 19, Was in falirly good health. Released in May 19, Was in falirly good health. Immediately went to France and never returned to England. Immediately went to France and never returned to England.

The Final Years Did not write again. Did not write again. Drank heavily and begged money from friends. Drank heavily and begged money from friends. Lived the rest of his life with Bosie. Lived the rest of his life with Bosie. Died on Nov 30 th, 1900 at age 46. Believed that he died of meningoencephalitis complicated by chronic middle ear infection. Died on Nov 30 th, 1900 at age 46. Believed that he died of meningoencephalitis complicated by chronic middle ear infection. Left behind two sons: Vyvyan and Cyril. Left behind two sons: Vyvyan and Cyril.

The Dandy Introduced a new character to Victorian melodrama - the dandy (a man who pays excessive attention to his appearance). Introduced a new character to Victorian melodrama - the dandy (a man who pays excessive attention to his appearance). This figure added a moral texture the form had never before possessed. This figure added a moral texture the form had never before possessed. The dandy was heavily autobiographical and often a stand-in for Wilde himself, a witty, overdressed, self-styled philosopher who speaks in epigrams and paradoxes, ridicules the cant and hypocrisy of societys moral arbiters, and self-deprecatingly presents himself as trivial, shallow, and ineffectual. The dandy was heavily autobiographical and often a stand-in for Wilde himself, a witty, overdressed, self-styled philosopher who speaks in epigrams and paradoxes, ridicules the cant and hypocrisy of societys moral arbiters, and self-deprecatingly presents himself as trivial, shallow, and ineffectual.

Importance of Being Earnest Part satire - human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, or other methods, ideally with an intent to bring about improvement Part satire - human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, or other methods, ideally with an intent to bring about improvement Part comedy of manners - satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters Part comedy of manners - satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters Part intellectual farce - unlikely, extravagant and improbable situations, disguise and mistaken identity, verbal humour of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include sexual innuendo and word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases. Part intellectual farce - unlikely, extravagant and improbable situations, disguise and mistaken identity, verbal humour of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include sexual innuendo and word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases.

The Victorian Era Queen Victoria had the longest reign in British history. Queen Victoria had the longest reign in British history. Cultural, political, economic, industrial and scientific changes that occurred during her reign were remarkable. Cultural, political, economic, industrial and scientific changes that occurred during her reign were remarkable. When Victoria ascended to the throne, England was essentially agrarian and rural; upon her death, the country was highly industrialized and connected by an expansive railway network. When Victoria ascended to the throne, England was essentially agrarian and rural; upon her death, the country was highly industrialized and connected by an expansive railway network.

Queen Victoria Born 1819 Born 1819 Became queen at 18 Became queen at 18 Reigned from Reigned from Husbands name was Albert. He died in 1861 and she mourned him for the rest of her life. Husbands name was Albert. He died in 1861 and she mourned him for the rest of her life.

Victorian Prudery It was improper to say "leg" in mixed company; instead, the preferred euphemism limb was used. It was improper to say "leg" in mixed company; instead, the preferred euphemism limb was used. Verbal or written communication of emotion or sexual feelings was not acceptable so people instead used the language of flowers or food. Verbal or written communication of emotion or sexual feelings was not acceptable so people instead used the language of flowers or food. Alleged that tableclothes and bedskirts were created to cover legs of tables and beds. Alleged that tableclothes and bedskirts were created to cover legs of tables and beds. More likely they were created to cover the shabbiness of the furniture. More likely they were created to cover the shabbiness of the furniture.

Repression Characterised by sexual repression. Characterised by sexual repression. Men's clothing is formal and stiff, women's is fussy and over-done. Men's clothing is formal and stiff, women's is fussy and over-done. Ankles are scandalous Ankles are scandalous