Learning Check Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes: Carbon-13, Carbon-14, and Carbon-15. State the number of protons, neutrons, and.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning Check Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes: Carbon-13, Carbon-14, and Carbon-15. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of the following: C-13 C-14 C-15 protons ______ ______ ______ neutrons ______ ______ ______ electrons ______ ______ ______

Solution C-13 C-14 C-15 protons 6 p+ 6 p+ 6 p+ neutrons 6 n 7 n 8 n electrons 6 e- 6 e- 6 e-

Learning Check Write the atomic symbols for atoms with the following subatomic particles: A. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- ___________ B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- ___________ C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- ___________

Solution A. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- O B. 17p+, 20 n, 17e- Cl C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- Ag

X Atomic Symbol Notation When we look at isotopes, we see a different notation used than what is found on the periodic table. Be sure you understand how to read this different notation: Where m=mass of isotope a=atomic number of element x=atomic symbol X m a

Isotopes of Magnesium

Isotopes of Magnesium

Isotopes of Sulfur A sample of naturally occurring sulfur contains several isotopes with the following abundances Isotope % abundance 32S 95.02 33S 0.75 34S 4.21 36S 0.02 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S 16 16 16 16

Atomic Mass Na 22.99 The atomic mass of an element is listed below the symbol of each element on the periodic table. gives the mass of an “average” atom of each element compared to 12C. is not the same as the mass number. Na 22.99

Isotopes of Some Elements and Their Atomic Mass Most elements have two or more isotopes that contribute to the atomic mass of that element.

Atomic Mass for Cl The atomic mass of chlorine is due to all the Cl isotopes. not a whole number. the average of two isotopes: 35Cl and 37Cl.

Learning Check Using the periodic table, specify the atomic mass of each element. A. calcium __________ B. aluminum __________ C. lead __________ D. barium __________ E. iron __________

Solution Using the periodic table, specify the atomic mass of each element: A. calcium 40.08 amu B. aluminum 26.98 amu C. lead 207.2 amu D. barium 137.3 amu E. iron 55.85 amu

Calculating Atomic Mass The calculation for atomic mass requires the percent(%) abundance of each isotope. atomic mass of each isotope of that element. sum of the weighted averages.

Calculating Atomic Mass for Cl 35Cl has atomic mass 34.97 amu (75.76%) and 37C has atomic mass 36.97 amu (24.24%). Find the atomic mass:

Calculating Atomic Mass Mg Isotope Mass Abundance 24Mg = 23.99 amu 78.70 25Mg = 24.99 amu 10.13 26Mg = 25.98 amu 11.17 Atomic mass (average mass) Mg = 24.31 amu

Atomic Mass of Magnesium The atomic mass of Mg is due to all the Mg isotopes. is a weighted average. is not a whole number.

Learning Check Gallium is an element found in lasers used in compact disc players. In a sample of gallium, there is 60.10% of 69Ga (atomic mass 68.926) atoms and 39.90% of 71Ga (atomic mass 70.925) atoms. What is the atomic mass of gallium?

Solution 31 Ga 69.72