Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Berdasarkan Pesanan (Job-Order Costing) Pertemuan 3 Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Berdasarkan Pesanan (Job-Order Costing)

Pengertian Job Order Costing adalah menentukan harga pokok produksi per unit dengan cara mengumpulkan semua biaya produksi untuk setiap pesanan Power Point berikutnya dapat dilihat dan dipelajari..

Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs Process Costing Job-order Costing Chapter 4 Many different products are produced each period. Products are manufactured to order. Cost are traced or allocated to jobs. Cost records must be maintained for each distinct product or job.

Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs Process Costing Job-order Costing Typical job order cost applications: Special-order printing Building construction Also used in the service industry Hospitals Law firms

Job-Order Costing The Job Manufacturing overhead (OH) Applied to each job using a predetermined rate Direct material Direct labor Traced directly to each job The Job

Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Receive orders from customers Begin production Schedule jobs Order materials

Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed. Direct Materials Job No. 1 Direct Labor Job No. 2 Manufacturing Overhead Job No. 3

Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Direct Materials Apply overhead to each job using a predeter-mined rate. Job No. 1 Direct Labor Job No. 2 Manufacturing Overhead Job No. 3

Job-Order Cost Accounting PearCo Job Cost Sheet Job Number A - 143 Date Initiated 3-4-01 Date Completed Department B3 Units Completed Item Wooden cargo crate Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Req. No. Amount Ticket Hours Rate Cost Summary Units Shipped Date Number Balance Total Cost Unit Product Cost

Job-Order Cost Accounting PearCo Job Cost Sheet Job Number A - 143 Date Initiated 3-4-01 Date Completed Department B3 Units Completed Item Wooden cargo crate Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Req. No. Amount Ticket Hours Rate Cost Summary Units Shipped Date Number Balance Total Cost Unit Product Cost Let’s see one A materials requisition form is used to authorize the use of materials on a job.

Materials Requisition Form Will E. Delite

Materials Requisition Form Cost of material is charged to job A-143. Type, quantity, and total cost of material charged to job A-143. Will E. Delite

Job-Order Cost Accounting

Job-Order Cost Accounting Workers use time tickets to record the time spent on each job. Let’s see one

Employee Time Ticket

Job-Order Cost Accounting

Job-Order Cost Accounting Apply manufacturing overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate of $4 per direct labor hour (DLH). Let’s do it

Job-Order Cost Accounting

Application of Manufacturing Overhead The predetermined overhead rate (POHR) used to apply overhead to jobs is determined before the period begins. Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period POHR = Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.

Application of Manufacturing Overhead Based on estimates, and determined before the period begins. Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity Actual amount of the allocation base such as units produced, direct labor hours, or machine hours incurred during the period.

Application of Manufacturing Overhead Recall the wooden crate example where: Overhead applied = $4 per DLH × 8 DLH = $32 Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity

The Need for a Predetermined Manufacturing Overhead Rate (POR) The Need for a Predetermined Manufacturing Overhead Rate (POR). Pembebanan Overhead di Muka Using a predetermined rate makes it possible to estimate total job costs sooner. Actual overhead for the period is not known until the end of the period. $

Overhead Application Example PearCo applies overhead based on direct labor hours. Total estimated overhead for the year is $640,000. Total estimated labor cost is $1,400,000 and total estimated labor hours are 160,000. What is PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate per hour?

Overhead Application Example Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period POHR = $640,000 160,000 direct labor hours (DLH) POHR = POHR = $4.00 per DLH For each direct labor hour worked on a job, $4.00 of factory overhead will be applied to the job.

Overhead Application Example What amount of overhead will PearCo apply to Job X-32?

Overhead Application Example

Overhead Application Example

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Materials used may be either direct or indirect. Direct materials Job Cost Sheets Materials Requisition Indirect materials Manufacturing Overhead Account

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary An employee’s time may be either direct or indirect. Direct Labor Job Cost Sheets Employee Time Ticket Indirect Labor Manufacturing Overhead Account

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Employee Time Ticket Indirect Labor Other Actual OH Charges Manufacturing Overhead Account Applied Overhead Job Cost Sheets Indirect Material Materials Requisition

Job-Order System Cost Flows Raw Materials Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Material Purchases Direct Materials Indirect Materials Mfg. Overhead Actual Applied Indirect Materials

Job-Order System Cost Flows Salaries and Wages Payable Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Labor Direct Materials Indirect Labor Direct Labor Overhead Applied Mfg. Overhead Actual Applied If actual and applied manufacturing overhead are not equal, a year-end adjustment is required. Indirect Materials Overhead Applied to Work in Process Indirect Labor

Job-Order System Cost Flows Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Finished Goods Cost of Goods Mfd. Cost of Goods Sold Direct Materials Cost of Goods Mfd. Direct Labor Overhead Applied Cost of Goods Sold Cost of Goods Sold

Overhead Application Example PearCo’s actual overhead for the year was $650,000 for a total of 170,000 direct labor hours. How much total overhead was applied to PearCo’s jobs during the year? Use PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per direct labor hour. PearCo has overapplied overhead for the year by $30,000. What will PearCo do? SOLUTION Applied Overhead = POHR × Actual Direct Labor Hours Applied Overhead = $4.00 per DLH × 170,000 DLH = $680,000

Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead $30,000 may be closed directly to cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold PearCo’s Method $30,000 may be allocated to these accounts. OR Work in Process Finished Goods Cost of Goods Sold

Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead PearCo’s Cost of Goods Sold PearCo’s Mfg. Overhead Unadjusted Balance Actual overheadcosts $650,000 OverheadApplied to jobs $680,000 $30,000 Adjusted Balance $30,000 $30,000 overapplied

Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead - Summary PearCo’s Method

Quick Check  Tiger, Inc. had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $1,210,000 and a predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per machine hour. Tiger, Inc. worked 290,000 machine hours during the period. Tiger’s manufacturing overhead is a. $50,000 overapplied. b. $50,000 underapplied. c. $60,000 overapplied. d. $60,000 underapplied. Overhead Applied $4.00 per hour × 290,000 hours = $1,160,000 Underapplied Overhead $1,210,000 - $1,160,000 = $50,000

Appendix 3a The Predetermined Overhead Rate & Capacity (Pembebanan Overhead di Muka)

Basing the rate on capacity Pertemuan 3 selesai

Basing the rate on expected volume (Pertemuan 3 selesai)