Bohr Diagram, Electron configurations, and charges

First the rules Atomic number = the number of protons Atomic mass = the number of protons and neutrons Periods are rows and run left to right Groups are columns and run top to bottom Shells: 1st: holds only 2 electrons (relates to the first period) 2nd: holds only 8 electrons (relates to the second period) 3rd: holds only 8 electrons (relates to the third period)

First the rules Groups are columns and run up and down, they increase by one going left to right Group 1 Group 18/8A Group 2 Group 13/3A Group 14/4A Group 15/5A Group 16/6A Group 17/7A

First the rules Periods are the rows and run left to right, they increase by one going from up to down PERIOD 1 PERIOD 2 PERIOD 3 PERIOD 4

First the rules OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS Electrons (e-): INSIDE THE NUCLEUS (-) negatively charged Located outside the nucleus No mass INSIDE THE NUCLEUS Protons: (+) positively charged Located in the nucleus 1 amu Neutron: No charge

Bohr diagrams and explanations Hydrogen Remember the rules: Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus

Bohr diagrams and explanations HELIUM Remember the rules: Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: LITHIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Round up to an atomic mass of 7 Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: BERYLLIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Be” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “Be” is in GROUP 2 = 2 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: BORON Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “B” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “B” is in GROUP 3A = 3 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: CARBON Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “C” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “C” is in GROUP 4A = 4 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: NITROGEN Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “N” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “N” is in GROUP 5A = 5 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: OXGYEN Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “O” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “O” is in GROUP 6A = 6 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations FLOURINE Remember the rules: Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “F” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “F” is in GROUP 7A = 7 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: NEON Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Ne” is in PERIOD 2 = draw two shells (first shell holds 2 electrons) Hint: “Ne” is in GROUP 8A = 8 electrons are on the second shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: SODIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Na” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Na” is in GROUP 1 = 1 electron on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: MAGNESIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Mg” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Mg” is in GROUP 2 = 2 electron on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: ALUMINUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Al” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Al” is in GROUP 3A/13 = 3 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: SILICON Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Si” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Si” is in GROUP 4A/14 = 4 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: PHOSPHORUS Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “P” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “P” is in GROUP 5A/15 = 2 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: SULFUR Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “S” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “S” is in GROUP 6A/16 = 6 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: CHLORINE Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Cl” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Cl” is in GROUP 7A/17 = 7 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: ARGON Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Ar” is in PERIOD 3 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8) Hint: “Ar” is in GROUP 8A/18 = 8 electrons on the third shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: POTASSIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, 8 IN THE THIRD SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “K” is in PERIOD 4 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8, the third also holds 8) Hint: “K” is in GROUP 1= 1 electron on the fourth shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number

Bohr diagrams and explanations Remember the rules: CALCIUM Atomic number= # of Protons Atomic mass = # protons + # neutrons Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus ONLY 2 ELECTONS CAN GO IN THE FIRST SHELL, 8 IN THE SECOND, 8 IN THE THIRD SO WE HAVE TO ADD ANOTHER SHELL Hint: “Ca” is in PERIOD 4 = draw three shells (first shell holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8, the third also holds 8) Hint: “Ca” is in GROUP 2 = 2 electrons on the fourth shell Hint: Adding all the electrons should be equal to the number of protons and the atomic number