Sugar: The Simplest of Carbohydrates

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Carbohydrates Properties Controlled by Structure

Advertisements

Organic Chemistry: Studying compounds that contain carbon – life is carbon based.

WHO??? Carbo Cal 4. This is Carbo Cal 4 His name will help you to remember that there are 4 calories for every gram of carbohydrates you consume.

THE MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE Macromolecules are polymers (many units) ; molecules built from one or a few kinds smaller molecules called monomers. POLYMERS.

Carbon Chemistry Carbon atoms can form single, double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms. Carbon can form up to 4 bonds This allows carbon atoms to.

 Sugar molecules are found in nearly all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.  They provide energy in the form of chemical energy which cells use in.

Deer Park High School North

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS  Molecules formed from different combinations of carbon and hydrogen atoms  May also contain atoms of one or more of the following:

Carbohydrates Chapter 15.

BIOMOLECULES Carbohydrates.

WHY do I need to understand the FUNCTIONS of CARBOHYDRATES? Most food mixtures contain carbohydrates so it is vital to understand how they work in the.

Warm-Up Question You are a food scientist and it is your job to determine if there is sugar and starch in a new drink. How would you test to see if the.

compounds that contain carbon are called______________ Organic.

compounds that contain carbon are called______________ Organic.

Biologically Important Molecules. There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are:  Carbohydrate.

Carbohydrates Lab 6. Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Usually found 1C:2H:1O. Usually grouped as.

Chapter 6 Carbohydrates.

 The energy you use comes from the carbohydrates in food  Your body changes carbohydrates into glucose– a form you can use for immediate energy  Your.

Thesis Mickella Today I’m writing about Carbohydrates. There are three types of carbohydrates. They are mostly found in the foods we eat.

–Carbohydrates –Lipids (fats) –Proteins –Nucleic Acids Organic molecules are the molecules in living things There are four types of organic (carbon-based)

Macromolecules. Go to Section: Molecules 1. Molecule: 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together a. The atoms may be the same such as in the O 2 molecule.

1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates include: Small sugar molecules in soft drinks Long starch molecules in pasta and potatoes Copyright Cmassengale.

Carbohydrates Introduction

Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Chapter 6. Function Provides a quick, immediate source of energy for all cell processes Energy (measured in calories)

CARBOHYDRATE NOTES. Carbohydrates Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 Examples: Sugars & Starches.

Carbohydrates Athletes are not the only people who need carbohydrates. Everyone needs them. Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in.

2.3 Carbon compounds. Compounds can be classified into two categories. 1.Inorganic Compounds – Compounds with NO Carbon element in it. 2. Organic Compounds.

CARBOHYDRATE NOTES. Carbohydrates Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 Examples: Sugars & Starches.

Carbohydrates. Made from atoms of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) Made from atoms of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) Examples are starch,

Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important food for animals. Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are two hydrogen atoms.

Disaccharides Di- is a Greek prefix meaning two. Disaccharides Carbohydrate made up of two monosaccharides linked together Carbohydrates are inorganic.

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, comes from plants and some in milk. 3 types are sugars, starches and fiber. Plants make all of these. Photosynthesis.

CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O or (CH 2 O) n n=# Carbon Atoms C. Exists as rings.

By: Erin O’Connor, Sara Onley, Andrew Maguire, Cameron Kupernik CARBOHYDRATES.

Carbon & Carbohydrates

Biochemistry. Please pick up a copy of the notes and write down the homework assignment.

Organic Chemistry. Carbon Inorganic compound- does not contain C and H Inorganic compound- does not contain C and H Organic compound- contains C and H.

Food Macromolecules Macromolecules are large complex molecules essential for life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids.

Organic Marcomolecules

Carbohydrates Properties Controlled by Structure

Biochemistry, Organic Molecules

Carbon compounds.

Disaccharides: • Carbohydrates containing two sugar units are called disaccharides (di means “two”). • These are formed when two monosaccharides.

Simple Carbohydrates Sugar

Carbon is the Main Ingredient of Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates Page 44.

SUGARS SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

Biochemistry: Molecules of Life

USING CARBOHYDRATES.

By: Martin G, Mike C, & Eddie T

MACROMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES

DO NOW: The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecule. Number.

By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson © 2016 Cengage

Carbon & Carbohydrates

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!.

By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson

Carbohydrates OUR #1 Energy Source!!!.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.

Carbohydrates, Sugars, and Starches

Carbon Carbon is the basis of all organic compounds

Nutrient #1: Carbohydrates

Organic Chemistry Macromolecules.

Presentation transcript:

Sugar: The Simplest of Carbohydrates Chapter 8

Sugar Carbohydrates = major source of energy. Provides 55% - 80% of calorie needs. Even DNA is composed of a carbohydrate base. Carbohydrates include: Starches Fiber SUGAR

Carbohydrate Production Carbohydrates are compounds composed of: Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon that is bound with water Natures means of storing solar energy Photosynthesis – converts energy from the sun to glucose

Carbohydrate Production Did you know that baby vegetables are sweeter than mature vegetables? This happens because: Baby vegies have high sugar levels Sugars are produced first in the plants As plant mature, sugars are combined into complex starches.

Sugars Simplest type of carbohydrate Saccharide – name given to all carbohydrates classified as sugars Organic compounds Hydroxyl group (-OH)– oxygen atom and hydrogen atom bonded together Hydroxyl group bonds with carbon atom to make sugar.

Sugars that contain one basic molecule Monosaccharaides Sugars that contain one basic molecule Fructose (5 member ring) Fount in fruits and honey Glucose (6 member ring) Most abundant of sugars Occurs naturally in blood, grapes, and corn Galactose (6 member ring) Only found in animals and humans, milk All of these sugars have six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms creating a ring structure.

Two joined monosaccharaides (most sugars consumed are) Disaccharides Two joined monosaccharaides (most sugars consumed are) Sucrose Commonly known as table sugar, contains one glucose and one fructose molecule. Maltose Commonly found in malted grains, made of two glucose molecules. Least sweet When in powder form, it is tan Lactose Found in milk, contains one glucose and one galactose molecule.

Disaccharides Cont… When two monosaccharaides join, a hydroxyl group from one and a hydrogen from the other separate to form water.

Hydrolysis Occurs when a large molecule, such as sugar, is divided into smaller parts by adding water. The body uses hydrolysis to digest disaccharides in food. Sweetened drinks do not quench thirst because your body is using the water to break down the sugar instead of using the water for other functions.

Hydrolysis 3 triggers of hydrolysis Presence of an enzyme Addition of an acid Addition of heat Each type of sugar requires a different enzyme for hydrolysis. To determine the name of the enzyme you drop the –ose at the end of the sugar and add –ase Ex. Lactase, sucrase.

Alcohols All organic compounds that contain at least one –OH group Sugars are in this category because they have multiple –OH groups plus an oxygen atom with a double bond. Explains the high caloric content of most alcoholic beverages. Glycerol Ethanol Methanol (wood alcohol) Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) Mannitol Sorbitol Xylitol