Team “Japan” BA352 Section 005 Chapter Five: Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions Team “Japan” BA352 Section 005

Self Concept Defined as the concept the individual has of oneself as a physical, social, and spiritual or moral being. Self-concept would be impossible without the capacity to think… Cognitions Represent any knowledge, opinion, or belief about the environment, about oneself, or about one’s behavior. The 3 main ideas behind ‘self’ include self esteem, self efficacy, and self monitoring…

I’m ugly, I’m fat, I’m a loser = low self esteem Defined as the belief about one’s own self worth based on an overall self-evaluation. For Example… I’m ugly, I’m fat, I’m a loser = low self esteem I’m the most beautiful person on Earth, both inside and out = high self esteem Self esteem and performance are directly correlated…

Self Efficacy Defined as a person’s belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task. High self efficacy has been linked to success in widely varied physical and mental tasks alike. Self efficacy is a very important concept managers must understand in order to be successful

Self Monitoring Definition High Self Monitors Low Self Monitors The extent to which a person observes their own self expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation. High Self Monitors Also known as chameleons Regulate their expressive self presentation for the sake of desired public appearances Low Self Monitors Often criticized for being insensitive and living on their ownj planet

Self Monitoring in OB Context It is like any other individual difference, there is no right or wrong It is a source of diversity that needs to be adequately understood by present and future mangers Recommendations There is a positive relationship between high self monitoring and career success Low self monitors become more consciously aware of your self image and how it affects others High self monitors don’t over do it by turning from a successful chameleon into an insincere, dishonest or phony person.

Self Management Albert Bandura propounded the comprehensive model of human learning Idea behind the model is that “You are the master of your own behavior The behavior component in the model, encourages people to seek self improvement Managers have found an agenda for self improvement through Stephen Covey’s “Seven Habits

Personality Dynamics Personality: combo of stable physical & mental characteristics that give an individual his or her identity Big Five Personality Dimensions Extraversion – outgoing, talkative, sociable Agreeableness – trusting, cooperative, good natured Conscientiousness – dependable, responsible Emotional Stability – relaxed, secure, unworried, Openness to experience – imaginative, curious, intellectual

Job Performance Scoring strongly with the big five dimensions correlates with job performance Conscientiousness has strongest positive correlation with job performance Extraversion associated with the success of managers Stronger indicator then agreeableness

Locus of Control What is it? The way a person takes responsibility for their behavior and its consequences Internal locus of control People who believe they take control of the events in their life External locus of control It’s beyond their immediate control Attributes outcomes to environmental causes

Attitudes versus Values A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object. Attitudes versus Values * Values represent global beliefs that influence behavior across all situations * Attitudes relate only to behavior directed towards a specific object, person, or situation

Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities Intelligence: an individuals capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, problem solving. Two Types of Abilities General mental ability needed for all cognitive tasks Unique to the task at hand

7 Major Mental Abilities Verbal Comprehension Word Fluency Numerical Spatial Memory Perceptual Speed Inductive Reasoning

Positive and Negative Emotions Emotions are “Complex human interactions to personal achievements and setbacks that may be felt and displayed” Emotions involve all aspects of a person Biological Psychological Social Felt Emotions Displayed Emotions

Contagious Moods and Emotions Negative Emotions (Goal incongruent) Anger Fright/anxiety Guilt/shame Sadness Envy/jealousy Disgust Positive Emotions (Goal congruent) Happiness/joy Pride Love/affection Relief

Emotional Labor and Intelligence Emotional Labor – having to fake your emotions or mood Emotional labor and be detrimental to the employee performing the labor May cause employees to bottle up feelings Women are more emotionally expressive than men Emotional Intelligence Personal Competence Self-Awareness Self-Management Social Competence Social Awareness Relationship Management

Thank you!