The Normanisation of England Starter: Try to decipher the anagram: aware rug rill Challenge: What does this mean? Guerrilla war – a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

What does ‘Normanisation’ mean? The Harrying of the North marked a major shift in William’s rule of England. After 1069, he began to completely restructure his kingdom more in the style of his Duchy of Normandy. The changes were collectively known as “Normanisation” The aim was to ensure that all the power would be ‘centralised’ with him. It would prevent any future rebellions and bring stability to his kingdom.

Learning Tasks All Go back to your mind-map you created for ‘How did William secure his new kingdom?’. In a different coloured pen (perhaps green or red) describe that they were and how they helped him govern England. Feudal hierarchy Knights Tenants-in-chief Homage Labour Services Relief Target 9 - 6 “The Norman Feudal System had as much continuity as change” How accurate is this description of William’s new kingdom? Target 5-3 Draw two diagrams – one showing the Anglo-Saxon hierarchy and the other showing the Norman Feudal System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApE7-cUM5l8

(Lords, bishops & abbots) Provides knights for army, taxation, runs baronial courts. William I Given land and tax concessions. Provides peace, law and protection. Tenants-in-chief (Lords, bishops & abbots) Given land and other privileges Provides military, pays tax, runs manorial courts Under-tenants (Knights) Farm land, pays rent/tax Given land to farm on. PEASANTS

Fief – land held by an under tenant (e. g Fief – land held by an under tenant (e.g. Knight) in return for service to lord. Knight service – the duty to provide mounted knights to King. Had to ensure that he had the right armour, weapons and equipment. Barony – Land held by a Baron (tenant-in-chief) Manor – Land held by a Knight (under-tenant)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGDu-_vi8sg

Relief Feudal Hierarchy Homage Tenants in Chief Knights Similar to Anglo-Saxon system of governance, but now the purpose was to maintain Norman control and to boost the power and wealth of the King. William could easily raise an army when he wanted. Relief When a landholder died, the heir had to prove their loyalty to king and pay for the land. This encouraged loyalty to the king. No set price, King got people on side by reducing price of reliefs or use high relief as punishment. Disliked by Normans because William could use them to make money and reward followers. Homage Ceremony when inheriting land. Knelt before King, held hands and said “I become your man”. He then placed hand on bible. Tenants in Chief Replaced thegns – held land directly from the king. Expected to fight with King and lead their own knights. Had to crush any rebellions on their fiefs. Provided knights to king. They organised the transfer of lands on their fiefs. Some had many fiefs known as a barony – therefore ran baronial courts. Collected taxes and passed on to king. Many become very wealthy. Served on royal council, advising king, provided food and accommodation when King arrives. Knights Some knights only given small areas of land and other were extremely powerful. Nobles made sure their sons trained to be knights from a young age. 6,000 in total – guard their lord’s property, serve upto 40 days service to King. Some were part of the royal court. Technology was superior to other elements of army. Cavalry used couched lances. Protected against Vikings, Danish And Scottish as well French. Castles operated as place for a knight to retreat to and for launching attacks. Replaced thegns so could run their own manor and courts. Labour Services In return for being given land, peasants would also work their lord’s land. Often involved ploughing, sowing and harvesting. Had to pass on some of their produce to their lord.