Hydroelectric Turbine Applications and losses - Michael Bove, P.E. Vice President for Engineering Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company - Andrew Rerak, MEng, PEng Regional Engineering Manager Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company of Canada By: Michael P. Bove P.E. , HSB IIC Andrew Rerak M.Eng, P.Eng, HSB BII Risk Control & Losses

Hydroelectric Process Generating Methods Dam Pumped storage Run-of-the-river Tidal Underground www.andritz.com

Equipment Hydro Turbines Reaction Turbine Propeller Kaplan Bulb Tube Straflo Francis Kinetic Impulse Turbine Pelton Turgo Cross-Flow

Equipment / Alternative Methods Hydrokinetic http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-hydrokinetic-energy-works.html http://www.our-energy.com/ocean_energy.html www.andritz.com

Application Typical Range of Heads Type Head [m] Hydraulic wheel turbine 0.2 < H < 4 Archimedes’ screw turbine 1 < H < 10 Kaplan 2 < H < 40 Francis 10 < H < 350 Turgo 50 < H < 250 Pelton 50 < H < 1300

Application Typical Range of Heads up to 30 MW Type Head [m] www.andritz.com Type Head [m] Hydraulic wheel turbine 0.2 < H < 4 Archimedes’ screw turbine 1 < H < 10 Kaplan 2 < H < 40 Francis 20 < H < 350 Turgo 50 < H < 250 Pelton 50 < H < 1300

Equipment / Turbine Runners http://www.publicresearchinstitute.org/Pages/hydroturbines/hydroturbines.html

Equipment / Reaction Turbines http://www.publicresearchinstitute.org/Pages/hydroturbines/hydroturbines.html

Equipment / Impulse Turbines www.andritz.com http://www.publicresearchinstitute.org/Pages/hydroturbines/hydroturbines.html

Equipment Cont. Gearbox Transformer Generator Miscellaneous Electric Apparatus (MEA) http://protechautorepair.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Transmission_diagram.jpg https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/images/transformer_diag.gif http://www.thefullwiki.org/Electrical_generator http://davidherrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Illustration_electric_substation.png

Risk Key Risk & Exposures Catastrophe (CAT) Property Damage (PD) Business Interruption (BI) Equipment Breakdown (EB) Liability Environmental

Risk Types & Exposures – Equipment Breakdown Hydro Powerhouse Equipment Turbine Gearbox Generator Transformer MEA

Risk Types & Exposures – Business Interruption Length of business interruption Degree of business interruption Changes in revenues Changes in expenses Restoration to normal income BI= Σ(A+B+C+D+E)

RISK CONTROL & RISK ENGINEERING Survey Risk Assessment Recommendations Audit Inspections Risk Updating LOSS PREVENTION Risk Management Process Identifying loss exposures Analyzing loss exposures Examining the feasibility of risk management techniques (Avoidance, Loss Prevention, Loss reduction, Separation, Duplication, Diversification) Selecting the appropriate risk management techniques Implementing the selected risk management techniques Monitoring results and revising the risk management program

Hydro Failure Case Studies Michael Bove, P.E. Vice President for Engineering Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co. Andrew Rerak, MEng, PEng Regional Engineering Manager Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company of Canada

Case Study #1 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #1 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #1 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #1 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #1 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Lessons Learned Regular inspections prevent failures Case Study #1 Lessons Learned Regular inspections prevent failures Knowledgeable owners can minimize Business Interruption claims Understand the root cause and prevent reoccurrence © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #2 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #2 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #2 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #2 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #2 Lessons Learned Understand the competency of 3rd party repair shops What you get with the OEM… What you get with low bidder… What you get from a consultant… Understand the root cause and prevent reoccurrence © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 Gearbox © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 Overall Gearbox © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 Bull gear and shaft – no problems. © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #3 Lessons Learned Major repairs are sometimes outside the owner’s knowledge Take the time to find the root cause or risk repeating. "If you do not have time to do it right, when will you find the time to do it over?“  © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #4 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #4 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #4 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #4 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #4 Lessons Learned Outside incidents can damage your machinery Initial assessments can be wrong © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #5 © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Case Study #5 Lessons Learned Transformers fail for a number of reasons and that’s a whole different presentation…… © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. 9/21/2018

Thank you very much for your attention © 2013 The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. All rights reserved. Thank you very much for your attention Michael Bove P.E. VP, Engineering , HSB IIC   Michael_Bove@hsb.com Andrew Rerak M.Eng, P.Eng Regional Engineering Manager, HSB BII   ARerak@BIICO.COM