BIOLOGY FORM 4 THURSDAY 02 OCTOBER, 2014

Identify what the problem(s) may be? How can the problem(s) be remediated?

Pollution This is the contamination of land, water or air by the discharge of harmful substances. Pollution is caused by anthropogenic (human) factors.

Pollution There are there three (3) types of pollution: Land pollution Air pollution Water pollution

Land pollution Non- biodegradable wastes (e.g. mercury, lead, plastics, cyanide) Remediation: careful removal of toxic materials from waste OR replacement with non-toxic alternatives where possible. 2. Insecticides and herbicides Remediation: replacement with less toxic alternatives OR biological control.

Water pollution Oil spills Remediation: laws can be enforced to prevent cleaning of tankers near land, regular monitoring of pipelines and rigs. Hot water from power stations Remediation: cool water before release into sea OR some of this heat can be used to heat or power local homes.

Water pollution Organic waste (untreated sewage) Remediation: treat all sewage before release from homes, farms and ships. Mineral salts (detergents and fertilizers) Remediation: use detergents with minimal amounts of minerals salts and use fertilizers in controlled amounts to reduce leaching into water systems

Water pollution Toxic chemicals (heavy- metal products) Remediation: screen all wastes from industrial processes to remove toxic materials before release to environment.

Air pollution Carbon dioxide Remediation: use renewable resource of energy, mass transport, and biogas. Carbon monoxide and lead Remediation: use more energy efficient engines and catalytic converters in cars and use lead-free fuels in cars.

Air pollution Smoke (forms smog) Remediation: cleaning of waste gases from industrial processes to prevent their release into the environment. Sulphur dioxide Remediation: cleaning (‘scrubbing’) of waste gases from industrial processes to prevent their release into the environment.

Thank you Have a good day class