Chapter 7 – Life in the New Nation 1783-1850 Section 3 – The Great Plains and the Southwest

Plains Indians Why were they called Plains Indians? What does nomadic mean? What did the Plains Indians hunt? What did white men call what the Indians hunted? In what 2 alternative ways did the horse change Plains Indians? What parts of the buffalo were used by the Native Americans? What two reasons were there for Indian tribes that had not lived in the Plains to move to the Plains? Why did Native Americans who lived in villages decrease?

Hispanic North America In addition to what we now know as Mexico, what areas did the Spanish control? What area were the Spanish afraid that either the British or the Russians would take over? The Spanish built a network of 21 missions and presidios in that area. What are presidios? Who built the Spanish missions, took care of their cattle and sheep, farmed the land and wove clothing in return for food, clothing and shelter? If they refused to work, how were they treated? Between 1769 to 1848, what happened to the population of Indians in what we now know as California? What did Mexico win in 1821 after a 13 year struggle? What was the Treaty of Cordoba? What happened to what is now California after Mexico took over? Who did the northern territories of Mexico trade most with?

Texas Fights for Independence Americans were settling in Texas, which was a part of Mexico. By 1830, there were 7,000 Americans there, which was more than twice as many as the number of Mexicans. 1833, General Santa Anna declared himself the dictator of Mexico. By 1835, there were 30,000 Americans living in Texas and they did not like being ruled by a dictator. Texas War for Independence – Began in October, 1835. Sam Houston, a recent immigrant from Tennessee, chosen as commander-in-chief Battle of Alamo - Santa Anna led Mexican troops to attack the Alamo and won. He ordered everyone inside killed and that included Davy Crockett. March 2, 1836, rebels formally declared an independent Republic of Texas. In an April battle, the Texans caught Santa Anna. On May 14th they forced him to sign the Treaty of Velasco which recognized what? Fall of 1836 – citizens of Texas elected Sam Houston as the first President of Texas. They drafted a constitution similar to ours, but it contained a provision that prohibited their Congress from interfering with slavery. Texas was a continuing source of tension between the US and Mexico.