Chapter 9, Section 3 Conflict With Mexico Part 1: The Alamo! p. 328-333 The Texas War for Independence leads to conflict and war between the United States and Mexico.

TEXAS Main Idea: Conflicts with the Mexican government leads American settlers in Texas to declare independence. 1820: Americans invited to settle in Texas by Spanish Gov. Stephen Austin – “empresario” granted right to settle Mex. land leads 300 American families into Texas Mexico will honor deal if settlers agree to become Mexican citizens: Convert to Roman Catholicism Protect Texas from Indian Raids Respect all Mexican laws NO SLAVERY! Stephen Austin “Father of Texas”

Offers to Buy Texas U.S. offers to buy Texas from Mexico—TWICE! Territorio de Alta California U.S. offers to buy Texas from Mexico—TWICE! Mexico gets nervous 3/4ths of Texans were white Americans or Tejanos* By 1835 Mexicans are outnumbered in Texas 10:1 1830: Mexico bans American immigration into Texas! Trade between Texas & U.S. discouraged - Heavy taxes levied on imports American settlers & Tejanos want more representation Sound familiar? Mexico City * The Mexican state of Texas Americans migrate into Texas

Tejanos Mexicans either born in or who claim Texas as their home Tejanos: independent frontier ranchers with a unique culture, separate from the rest of Mexico Hope for democratic government with less central authority They want REPRESENTATION

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Calls himself the “Napoleon of the West” 1833: Becomes president of Mexico through a military coup - Wants strong central government with more control over the states, including Texas Overturns Mexico’s constitution Names himself dictator – one-person ruler

Gonzalez: “The Lexington of Texas” Growing Conflict Gonzalez, TX: Texans & Tejanos consider the first battle of Texas Revolution Mexico wants their gun back It’s really a minor skirmish: Oct. 2, 1835 1836: Stephen Austin urges Texans to revolt against Mexico How will Mexico respond? Gonzalez: “The Lexington of Texas” “Come and take it!”

Santa Anna’s Response Marches 7000 troops north, to TEXAS 3 battles in early 1836: The ALAMO!!! Goliad San Jacinto Alamo is an old Spanish mission in San Antonio Mexican troops lay siege Feb, 1836 185 Texans & Tejanos lock themselves inside & hold out for 12 days until…..

The Battle of The Alamo!!! Play Video Defenders of the Alamo included Davy Crockett March 6, 1836, 4:30 am (13th day of siege) Santa Anna’s army attacks! The walls of the Alamo are smashed with artillery Over 2000 Mexican troops overwhelm the defenders All 185 defenders killed, except a few women & children. Play Video

Heroes of the Alamo: William B. Travis Gets command when Jim Bowie is sick Knows Alamo is in trouble, begs for reinforcements Probably one of first Alamo defenders to die He was 26 years old William Barret Travis

Heroes of the Alamo: Jim Bowie Legendary tough Texan Famous for his large “Bowie Knife” Sent by Sam Houston to destroy the Alamo Sick in bed during siege His body is found in a sick bed in the hospital Jim Bowie

Heroes of the Alamo: Davy Crockett Famous frontiersman from Tennessee Served 3 terms as Congressmen from Tennessee Folk hero (like Daniel Boone) Two theories about his death: Died fighting valiantly defending the Alamo OR, was captured, tortured & executed by orders of Santa Anna Davy Crockett goes down swinging?

Massacre at Goliad March 27, 1836: Palm Sunday 303 Texans surrender to 5000 Mexican troops Held as prisoners at Fort Defiance General Urrea asks for clemency Mexican law: “armed foreigners treated as pirates” All are executed in streets Bodies are burned Texan commander James Fannin denied request for Christian burial He was 32 Colonel James Fannin: denied his final request Memorial at Goliad, Texas

Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836 6 weeks after the Alamo, Sam Houston’s Texians surprise attack Battle lasts 18 minutes, Santa Anna captured Wearing uniform of a private Treaty signed recognizing Texas’ independence Sam Houston elected 1st President Independent Republic of Texas Remember the Alamo!!! Remember Goliad!!!

Sam Houston Virginia – Tennessee - Texas 1822 – U.S. House of Reps (Jacksonian) 1827 - Governor of Tennessee 1830 – Sticks up for Cherokee 1832 – moves to Texas 1836 – 1st President of Texas 1846 – 1st Senator from Texas Sam Houston (circa 1850) 1793-1863

How did Davy Crockett die? Did he go down fighting OR did he surrender and get executed? YOU DECIDE. Do your own research. Bring evidence to support your opinion. Use valid sources. Possible mini-debate tomorrow