Respiration & Photosynthesis Dr. Melissa M. Fox Wingate University

Aerobic Respiration

Ethanol, lactate, or other products Anaerobic Respiration & Fermentation Glucose CYTOSOL Glycolysis Pyruvate Fermentation by repeating glycolysis Anaerobic cellular respiration with alternative final electron acceptor Ethanol, lactate, or other products Acetyl CoA MITOCHONDRION Citric acid cycle

Fermentation Beer Brewing! Exercise! Low Energy Yield Only 2 ATP’s produced/glucose Occurs using just glycolysis Pyruvate formation is blocked Experiences lack of NAD+ Cannot proceed into further respiration steps Energy production halts Formation of organic molecules NADH transfers hydrogens to organic molecules to regenerate NAD+ to keep glycolysis running Forms alcohol and lactate Exercise!

Today’s Experiment Evaluate how Yeast metabolizes various sugars Monosaccharides vs Disaccharides? Aerobic Respiration or Fermentation? Look for CO2 (aerobic) Look for EtOH (fermentation)

How is energy acquired? Producers: Create chemical energy from Sunlight & CO2 Plants Some Bacteria Algae Consumers: Ingest chemical energy from Producers Invertebrates Birds Mammals

Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Conversion of light energy into stored chemical energy - glucose 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Plant Cell Organelles

The Chloroplast Membrane network involved in ATP synthesis Contains Pigments Stoma Pores that facilitate gas exchange Contains necessary enzymes for sugar production

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Visible Light

Pigments Chlorophyll A Main Pigment Initiates light dependent reactions of photosynthesis Absorbs blue & red wavelengths … appears green to your eye Chlorophyll B Accessory pigment Differs from Chlorophyll a due to functional group variant Appears yellow/green to your eye Carotenoids Accessory pigment Enhances energy capture since it absorbs different areas of light spectrum Appears yellow and orange to your eye

Pigment Absorbance Spectrum

Plants use Aerobic Respiration to get ATP

Today’s Experiment Evaluate which light wavelengths are absorbed best by each pigment Run paper chromatography Separate pigments Resuspend pigments into solvent Measure absorbance spectrum