In what ways was the Jameson Raids significant for the British? What was the significance of the Jameson Raid? C aim – to explain different ways it was significant B aim – to explain why it was significant and its likely consequences for different groups Who do you think these two men were? They are connected to the Jameson Raids. In what ways was the Jameson Raids significant for the British?

What was the Jameson Raid?

Causes Gladstone’s government signed the London Convention The British ruled Cape was the most economically successful colony In 1886, gold was discovered at an outcrop near modern-day Johannesburg; it became clear there were massive deposits of gold. A huge inflow of Uitlanders (foreigners), mainly from Britain, came to the region in search of employment and fortune. The discovery of gold made the Transvaal overnight the richest and potentially the most powerful nation in southern Africa, but it attracted so many Uitlanders (in 1896 approximately 60,000) that they quickly outnumbered the Boers (approximately 30,000 white male Boers). Fearful of the Transvaal's losing independence and becoming a British colony, the Boer government adopted policies of protectionism and exclusion, to include restrictions requiring Uitlanders to be resident for many years in order to obtain the franchise, or right to vote. They heavily taxed the new goldmining industry. The Uitlanders became increasingly resentful and aggrieved about the lack of representation. This gave rise to considerable discontent and tensions escalated. As Johannesburg was largely an Uitlander city, leaders there began to discuss proposals for insurrection. Cecil Rhodes, governor of the Cape, had a vision to incorporate the Transvaal and the Orange Free State in a federation under British control. Having combined his commercial mining interests with Alfred Beit to form the De Beers Mining Corporation, Rhodes and he also wanted to control the Johannesburg gold mining industry. They played a major role in fomenting Uitlander grievances. In September and October 1895, a dispute between the Transvaal and Cape Colony governments arose over Boer trade protectionism. The Cape Colony had refused to pay the high rates charged by the Transvaal government for use of the Transvaal portion of the railway line to Johannesburg, instead opting to send its goods by wagon train directly across the Vaal River, over a set of fords (known as 'drifts' in South Africa). Transvaal president Paul Kruger responded by closing the drifts, angering the Cape Colony government. While Transvaal eventually relented, relations between the nation and Cape Colony remained strained.

What do you think is the fundamental cause out of these reasons? Summary of cause How would this cause have led to the Jameson Raid? What do you think is the fundamental cause out of these reasons?

In mid-1895 Rhodes planned a raid by an armed column from Rhodesia, the British colony to the north, to support an uprising of Uitlanders with the goal of taking control. It was hoped that the Uitlanders in Johannesburg would revolt when they heard that Jameson and his men were on the borders. Jameson and his men could then go into Johannesburg to ‘restore order’, control Johannesburg and control the gold fields. However, the Uitlanders disagreed with Jameson on what should be put into place afterwards and failed to rebel. Jameson invaded anyway hoping they would rebel once he was in the country. However, the British PM told the Uitlanders not to support the raid. They failed to rebel, Jameson and his men were stopped by the Boer army, and the leaders were arrested and imprisoned. Rhodes was dismissed as PM of the Cape Colony due to his apparent involvement. Highlight the key points. Summarise this in no more than 25 words.

C - List the ways that the Jameson Raid was significant. What was the significance of the Jameson Raid? C aim – to explain different ways it was significant B aim – to explain why it was significant and its likely consequences for different groups C - List the ways that the Jameson Raid was significant. B - list the ways the Jameson Raids were significant for different groups.

Homework – due Tuesday 25th November Finish your paragraphs/introductions/conclusions – put these together Research the Jameson Raids and answer these questions in hand writing. Why did the Jameson Raids happen? What happened during the raids? Who won the raids? How did Rhodes affect British influence in the Jameson Raids? Do you think further tension would follow?

Why did the Second Boer War break out Why did the Second Boer War break out? C aim – to explain the different reasons why the Second Boer War began B aim – to justify whether there was an underlying cause for the Second Boer War What were the long-running tensions between the British and Boers in South Africa? Gold and the change to the power balance British-Boer tensions Uitlanders

What caused the Second Boer War?

After the Jameson Raid the Orange Free State and the Transvaal drew up a military pact. Kruger equipped the Transvaal army. Kruger was encouraged by his triumph by defeating the Jameson Raid. The problem of keeping Uitlanders happy whilst keeping the Transvaal independent rumbled on at various conferences. This was used as a pretext for war. Salisbury decided to go to war as he believed the British had an obligation to British South Africans and he didn’t want a Dutch South Africa to come into being as he thought it would damage British imperial prestige. In 1899 negotiations broke down at the Bloemfontein conference. Chamberlain demanded that British citizens should have full equality or they would invade. Chamberlain hoped it would force them back to the negotiation table, Milner hoped it would start a war. Kruger in return demanded that the British withdraw all their troops or he would declare war. Nobody took the Boer army seriously.

Read your specialism and add to the mind-map.

Homework – due Thursday Refusing to follow – Rhys Persistent disruptive – Raphael Homework – Sean