CIVIL WAR KEY EVENTS

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION After the Battle of Antietam, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. A document in which Lincoln declared that all the slaves were free Though the immediate impact was that slaves were not actually freed (after the end of the Civil War) It was also be the moral issue that kept other European powers out of the conflict. Video Clip

Option 1: Write 3 to 5 Sentences describing the immediate and long term impact of the Emancipation Proclamation. Option 2: Suppose you were fighting on the side of the Union during the Civil War when Lincoln releases the Emancipation Proclamation. How would you react upon hearing the news that Lincoln has now declared slavery illegal throughout the US? Would it cause you to fight harder? Why or why not? Option 3: Why do you think it took Lincoln nearly three years into the war to officially declare slavery illegal throughout the South and the rest of the US? Would the Emancipation Proclamation had the same effect if Lincoln would have release it at the beginning of the war? Why or why not? Option 4: Create a short speech that Lincoln could have delivered to the Union soldiers to inspire them to fight which ties back to the Emancipation Proclamation.

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA Battle in Georgia, seven miles south of Chattanooga, Tennessee Chattanooga was major railroad center Lasted 3 days from September 18-20, 1863 2nd bloodiest battle of the Civil War with over 34,000 casualties. Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga; Confederates did not follow-up on their victory Union reinforcements later recaptured Chickamauga Facts: largest Union defeat in the Western theater of the Civil War. Once Chattanooga was defended and securely in Union hands, it was used as a launching point for Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign.

UNION BLOCKADE North used its superior navy to cut the South’s supplies off from Europe. Called the “Anaconda Plan” due to its intention of “squeezing” the Confederates to death “blockade runners” were individuals that took the risk of evading the Union blockade for the chance at huge profits Once Fort Pulaski was destroyed, the North was able to effectively “bottle up” the important port of Savannah and stop most of the runners. Georgia was unable to deal with the power of the Union navy. Blockade Runners Video

Q’s & A’s: Union Blockade Why was General Scott’s plan to blockade the Southern Coastline nicknamed the “Anaconda Plan?” Why was this strategy so effective in crippling the South throughout the Civil War?

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN Atlanta was a target because it was a transportation & industrial hub of the South “heart of the Confederacy” Early 1864 A Union Army of 99,000 men commanded by Gen. William T. Sherman Knowing he could take the heavily fortified city, Sherman destroyed the supply lines (railroads) heading into Atlanta, effectively cutting them off from vital resources John Hood, fearing that his army would be trapped, evacuated the city on Sep. 1st Hood decided to destroy everything that Sherman’s army could use

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah destroying everything in his path Lasted from November 15 to December 22, 1864 During the march, Sherman’s army created a path of destruction that was 300 miles long and 60 miles wide. Purpose was to punish the South for starting the war and to force them to surrender Savannah surrendered without a fight

Option 1: In the eyes of Sherman, why did he feel it necessary to implement the ‘scorched earth’ policy throughout his March to the Sea campaign? Describe in a paragraph. Option 2: Suppose you were a soldier in Sherman’s Army who took part in the March to the Sea campaign. How would you react if Sherman gave you the orders to burn down fields of crops, barns and houses of Georgia citizens (remember these are NOT military targets). Describe in a paragraph. Option 3: Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of total warfare. Describe in a paragraph. Option 4:Design a different military strategy the Sherman could have implemented that wouldn’t have hurt so many families, but could end the war relatively quickly. Describe in a paragraph.

ANDERSONVILLE Confederate prison camp in Andersonville, GA Prisoners were treated very badly and many died from disease and malnutrition 13,000 of the 45,000 prisoners died The prison’s commandant, Captain Henry Wirz, was tried and executed for war crimes (crimes against humanity)