Matter
Page 4
Everything that has mass and volume is called matter. What is matter? Everything that has mass and volume is called matter. Basic definition of matter.
The Nature of Matter Gold Mercury Chemists are interested in the nature of matter and how this is related to its atoms and molecules.
STATES OF MATTER _______ — have rigid shape, fixed volume. External shape can reflect the atomic and molecular arrangement. Reasonably well understood. _______ — have no fixed shape and may not fill a container completely. Not well understood. _______ — expand to fill their container. Good theoretical understanding.
Page 5
Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
Types of Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous – visibly separate phases Homogeneous – Same throughout
Page 6 C A D B
Page 7
Page 8
Page 8 Homework Pages 9 and 10
Page 10 & 11 Homework 13 & 14
Kinetic Nature of Matter Matter consists of atoms and molecules in _____.
Page 12
Physical Properties What are some physical properties? color melting and boiling point odor
Graphite — layer structure of carbon atoms reflects physical properties.
Physical Changes Some physical changes would be boiling of a liquid can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Some physical changes would be boiling of a liquid melting of a solid dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.
Chemical Properties and Chemical Change Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O. Chemical change or chemical reaction — transformation of one or more atoms or molecules into one or more different molecules.
Sure Signs of a Chemical Change Heat Light Gas Produced (not from boiling!) Precipitate – a solid formed by mixing two liquids together
Physical vs. Chemical physical Examples: melting point chemical flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air
Physical vs. Chemical Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices
Page 15 Homework page 16
Page 16
How do we separate a mixture? Differences in properties such as: density particle size molecular polarity boiling point and freezing point Solubility These differences permit physical separation
Three Methods Filtration Distillation Chromatography
Separation techniques Filtration Separates by Solubility Examples Sand and Water Precipitate and Solvent Coffee, (AKA-Life’s Blood) Purpose Separate Solids from Liquids 30
Page 17
Separation techniques Distillation Boiling Point Examples Petroleum Products Gasoline Propane Liquors Purpose Separates Liquids 32
Page 18
Separation techniques Chromatography Density and Polarity Examples DNA Pigments Purpose Separates Dissolved Substances 34
Page 19