World Wars & Colonial Empires Chapter 10, Sections 3 & 4 World Wars & Colonial Empires

Objective Critique the economic conditions and practices that helped contribute to political revolutions in Europe and the Americas.

Charles VI (1713) Wanted to ensure his empire would not be split Pragmatic Sanction- only heir (Maria Theresa) would be heir to all Hapsburg land Maria Theresa- Reign plagued by war Enemy= Hohenzollerns of Prussia Austria had no natural boundaries or ethnicities Map of Hapsburg Empire (start at 1:43) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyLSUZ1qlVM

Maria Theresa Became the ruler by the Pragmatic Sanction, an edict issued by Charles VI on 19 April 1713, to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter. Her ascension to the throne in 1740 resulted in the outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession.  France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony broke their promises of obeying the Pragmatic Sanctionand contested the claims of Maria Theresa on Charles VI’s Austrian lands, and initiated the War of the Austrian Succession. Religious differences prevented her from having an arranged marriage to the Calvinist prince Frederick of Prussia; instead she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had sixteen children, including Queen Marie Antoinette of France

War of Austrian Succession Austrian War of Succession – Upon the death of Charles VI Maria Theresa became the empress of Austria. Frederick II of Prussia tried to take advantage of the new female queen by invading part of Austria known as Silesia (very iron-rich). Austria (Maria Theresa) made an alliance with Great Britain to try to overpower Frederick.

War of Austrian Succession France joins the war on Prussia’s side and invades the Austrian Netherlands The war is fought in three parts of the world India, North America, and Europe. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war, all lands were returned except Silesia (Prussia kept)

War of Austrian Succession

The Seven Years War Frederick II’s refusal to give up Silesia led to the Seven years war Alliances shifted – France, Austria, and Russia v. Great Britain and Prussia Peter III of Russia withdrew and created a stalemate. Ultimately, Great Britain wins in North America (French & Indian War) and India becomes the greatest colonial empire in history

The Seven Years War

The British Empire

Colonial Empires and the American Revolution

Britain and British North America The United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707 when the governments of Scotland and England united Britain acquired Canada and India in the Seven Years War The North American territory had one million people by 1750

Britain and British North America In North America the colonial legislatures operated relatively independently To pay the expenses of the Seven Years War the British government imposed a Stamp Act (tax on all paper products newspapers, cards, etc…) 

Britain and British North America Violent protests caused the British to repeal (take back) the Stamp Act, but the problem was not over

Britain and British North America Colonies formed the First Continental Congress – fighting broke out between British troops and colonist in April of 1775 Second Continental Congress approved a Declaration of Independence on July 1776

Britain and British North America The French supported the colonies with arms and money; Spain, and Dutch also helped

Britain and British North America Articles of Confederation – gave power to states with no strong central government

Britain and British North America The U.S. Constitution created a Federal System – shared power between state and national governments Powers of Federal Govt. – three branches of govt. executive, legislative, and judicial – separation of powers – checks and balances a. levy taxes b. raise an army c. regulate trade d. create a national currency

Britain and British North America Important to the Constitution was the Bill of Rights that guaranteed freedom of religion, speech, press, petition and assembly, right to bear arms, protected against unreasonable search and seizure, protection of property rights – all inspired by the philosophes of the enlightenment

https://www. youtube. com/watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vKGU3aEGss Crash Course – Seven Years War

Colonial Empires in Latin America Finish notes Review questions “Encyclopedia” assignment (2nd, 5th) Outcome: Students will be able to identify the characteristics of Colonial Empires in Latin America.

Colonial Empires in Latin America Portugal dominated Brazil, while Spain had territories in North, Central, and South America

In Central and South America a new civilization emerged that is called Latin America Because the Spanish King allowed intermarriage between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans the Latin American civilization is multiracial

The offspring of these marriages are known in these societies as the following: A. European and Native American= Mestizos B. European and African= Mulattoes

Native Americans either worked on the estates of large landowners or worked as poor farmers on marginal lands (this system of large landowners and dependent peasants remained a lasting feature of Latin American society)

Spanish and Portuguese kings tried to control their colonies in Latin America, but the distance and slow communication made it impossible As a result local colonial officials had a great deal of power and freedom to carry out imperial policies

Spanish and Portuguese rulers were determined to Christianize the native people. They did this through missionaries A. Brought native peoples together in villages or missions (churches) B. Convert them to Christianity C. Taught them trades D. Encouraged them to grow crops E. To control the lives of the natives they built schools, cathedrals, orphanages, and hospitals

Exit Slip Critique the economic conditions and practices that helped contribute to political revolutions in Europe and the Americas