Civil WAR

What is more significant in winning a war: having the “will” or having the “weapons”?

Aim: Was the north destined to win the civil war? Vocab Union Lincoln, George McClellan, Ulysses S. Grant Confederacy Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Antietam Essential Questions: How do you qualify advantages in war time? What is more significant in winning a war: having the “will” or having the “weapons”? Describe the strongest arguments for why each side is “right” in their reasons for war?

Deaths in American wars CIVIL WAR 620,000 KOREAN WAR 54,000 WORLD WAR I 112,000 WAR OF 1812 2,000 SPANISH AMERICAN WAR 2,000 WORLD WAR II 405,000 VIETNAM WAR 58,000 REVOLUTIONARY WAR 4,000 MEXICAN WAR 13,000

Southern Attitudes on the War “A reckless and unprincipled tyrant has invaded our soil. Abraham Lincoln, regardless of all moral, legal and constitutional restraints, has thrown his abolitionist hosts among you, who are murdering and imprisoning your citizens, confiscating and destroying your property, and committing acts of violence and outrage, too shocking and revolting to humanity to be enumerated.” --Confederate General Pierre Beauregard (1861) “The gage is thrown down and we accept the challenge. We will meet the invader, and God and Battle must decide the issue between the hirelings of abolition hate and northern tyranny, and the people of South Carolina defending their freedom and their homes.” --Editorial in the Charleston Mercury (SC) (1861)

Union Confederacy More military age men and greater population. Know the land, most of the war was fought in the South (can ambush the Northern soldiers). Factories – to make weapons  Economic resources (due to factories)   800,000 person army Created a blockade to limit the economic resources of the South.  Fight to uphold the Constitution (strict interpretation of the Constitution) – that the government cannot take “property” – 5th Amendment (slaves in this case); Framers left slaves out of the Constitution and therefore they are not citizens; and that states and individuals get to keep their individuality, live for themselves - without federal government interference. Rail Road – fast transportation of supplies  Homes and land not destroyed because most of the battles are fought in the South.  Moral argument – slavery is wrong  The point of the Union was to gain independence from Great Britain and unify the colonies into one country, so that idea should be supported. States backed the idea to secede from the union. Had some Rail Roads

Railroad Lines, 1860

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator” The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda Plan”

The “Anaconda” Plan

1861: The War Begins The Eastern Front (Virginia)

1862: Battle on the sea!

African-American Recruiting Poster

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

George McClellan, Again! Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan, Again!

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

2017: Removal of Robert e. lee statue new orleans

The Western Theatre (Shiloh, Tennessee Vicksburg, Mississippi)

Key battles 1861: Manassas, Bull Run – south wins, shows they have a chance. 1862: Antietam, MD – Bloodiest day, McClellan knew Lee’s plan but still attacked too slow, leading to a draw. Lincoln fired him. Lincoln also issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves in the south. Otherwise, north kept losing battles, like in Fredericksburg VA.

Battle of Gettysburg Most amount of casualties Bloodiest Battle North wins, all hope of foreign intervention is eliminated. Lincoln gave his famous speech that all men are created equal.

Sherman’s March to the Sea Georgia (South/Western Theatre) From Tennessee Through Georgia, all the way to South Carolina Burned down plantations, homes, entire cities Total destruction / “Total War”

Sherman Quotes "War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it" ...Sherman to the leadership of Atlanta, prior to Burning the City. "I tell You, War is Hell!"  . . . From Sherman's speech to graduating Ohio Cadets in 1880. "My aim, then, was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. Fear is the beginning of wisdom. " . . . William T. Sherman

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

Group Work Directions: Take on the role of news reporters in 1863. Half the group will present from the northern perspective and the other half will present from the southern perspective. You must write a newspaper article that addresses why your side is “destined” to win the Civil War. You must use at least five (5) important facts from the handouts/lecture. Finally, create a recruitment advertisement that outlines the tactics and new weapons that will be used to fight this war. .