What was the enduring effect of the Emancipation Proclamation? The War Begins Essential Questions To what extent were the North and South different at the start of the Civil War? How did the Battle of Antietam pave the way for President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What was the enduring effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Antietam: The Bloodiest Day of the War The single bloodiest day of the war. The Northern and Southern armies will collide on September 17, 1862. The Confederate Army retreat after 12 hours of battle; however, 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing. Antietam: The Bloodiest Day of the War

The Commanders Confederate Forces Union Forces Robert E. Lee George B. McClellan After this battle President Abraham Lincoln will replace George McClellan and will appoint General Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union Army.

The South Strikes Hard as Lee invades Maryland. Objectives Maryland was a slave state that stayed in the Union and supported Lincoln’s presidency. Robert E. Lee commander of the Confederate army wanted to cut off the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to limit resources in the north and make transportation difficult. He threatens to take Washington D.C. The Confederate Troops fight hard and force McClellan to return to Union territory.

The Union outnumbers the Confederates by almost double: Antietam will be the first major battle to take place on Northern soil. The Confederate Army was almost defeated. This was a huge loss to the Confederate Army. Bloodiest single day in American history The Battle

Outcome High casualties for both sides ended the fighting. Lee and his men retreat back across the Potomac into Virginia. McClellan failed to chase them when he a chance to defeat the confederate army. This TOO cautious move will lead President Lincoln to replace him. President Lincoln felt confident enough to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Outcome

Quick Facts about Antietam: “Bloodiest Battle” Killed Wounded Captured/ Missing Confederate 2,700 9,024 2,000 Union 2,108 9,549 753

Emancipation Proclamation

Why did the Proclamation only free slaves in the Confederate States? Lincoln wanted a Union victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation but Antietam was such a loss to the Confederate Army Lincoln felt confident enough to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the proclamation, freeing slaves in in states who had succeeded from the Union ONLY. This document stated that on January 1, 1863 all the persons held as slaves in any state or part of state waging war with the USA would be forever free. Why did the Proclamation only free slaves in the Confederate States?

The Emancipation Proclamation Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri had stayed in the Union as slave states and supported Lincoln’s presidency. Lincoln couldn’t anger these valuable border states so he allowed slavery to continue in those states but made it illegal in succeed southern states. The Emancipation Proclamation

Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? Slaves were growing crops and supplying the Confederacy with food, supplies and ammunition. Lincoln thought that if he freed all slaves they would stop working the plantations and the Confederacy would run out of supplies. Also, Lincoln thought that if he freed all slaves they would fight for the Union and help defeat the Confederate Army. Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

An Ultimatum is Given to Rebelling Southern States… The Confederacy had a choice either surrender and slavery would be allowed to continue OR continue to fight and the institution of slavery would ultimately come to an end. Confederate leaders chose to fight and not surrender. An Ultimatum is Given to Rebelling Southern States…

Results Escaped slaves hiding in the north were declared free men. Some of Georgia’s islands were freed. The Union’s war strategy changed and now included ending slavery totally, instead of just preserving the Union and containing slavery. Results

Results France and England, both supporters of abolition, refused to recognize or aid the Confederate States of America. Lincoln’s place as the Republican Candidate for the election of 1864 was solidified. News of the Proclamation spread to the South, but most slaves had nowhere to go so most stayed and worked on plantations for food and housing.

Results The Emancipation Proclamation ultimately affected 4 million slaves and will end 244 years of slavery. It transformed the character of the war. It gave the Union a stronger cause to fight for and it strengthened the Union both militarily and politically.

Imagine that you are a newspaper journalist during the Civil War Imagine that you are a newspaper journalist during the Civil War. You just watched President Abraham Lincoln announce his Proclamation to the world giving the succeeded states a choice to surrender or keep fighting. Describe the Emancipation Proclamation, the moral and feelings of America on both sides, and ultimately its devastating results. Add a prediction of what you think will happen now that southern states have refused to stop fighting. Remember, newspaper readers want to know WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and WHY? Homework Assignment