Animal Behavior Complex process involves: 1. Instinct 2. Habituation 3. Anatomical Make-up

Five Senses Identification of places Marking territory Sexual Smell Identification of young Identification of places Marking territory Sexual

Five Senses Hearing Distress call Aggression Sexual Ear Position

Five Senses Night vision Sight Hounds Vision Field of vision Depth perception Night vision Sight Hounds

Five Senses Touch Huddling Mutual Grooming Scratching Petting Stroking

Agonistic Behavior Irritable or Pain-Induced Aggression 2. Maternal Aggression 3. Predatory Aggression 4. Territorial Aggression 5. Fear-Induced Aggression 6. Intermale Aggression   7. Sexually Induced Aggression 8. Dominance Aggression 9. Learned Aggression

Agonistic Behavior 10. Redirected Aggression 11. Play Aggression Social Status Aggression 13. Possessive Aggression 14. Food-Related Aggression 15. Idiopathic Aggression  

Behavior Coprophagia Attention Seeking Behavior Compulsive Disorders Cognitive Dysfunction

Horse Behavior Horses are social animals. Free range horse’s day: 60% eating 20% walking 20% misc. Stalled horse’s day: 15% eating 65% standing

Horse Behavior Approaching a horse Never in their blind spot Watch the body language Aggressive behavior lunging forward biting kicking with either hind legs or both legs striking with the forelegs rearing

Horse Behavior Common problems referred to Veterinarians: Aggression toward other horses or human 33% Fear 14% Foal rejection 12% Procedure aversion 10% Compulsive disorders 5% Behavioral problems: Cribbing Windsucking Wood chewing Trailering Stall walking Weaving Aggression Pawing

Cow Behavior Cows are herd-oriented animals. Aggressive behavior: pawing the ground with the forefeet head will be positioned with the forehead almost vertical to the ground snorting.

Pig Behavior Aggression: Plenty of space and distraction toys will help avert aggression jaw snapping barking grunts swinging the head from side to side Remember, pigs do not have sweat glands and can easily be overheated.

Sheep/Goat Behavior Sheep are gregarious (social) animals Sheep have a strong instinct to follow the leader Sheep have a tendency to move toward light but, balk at shadows Aggression: ram jump Goats are less timid and more adventurous than sheep horns head butting

Llamas/Alpacas Herd oriented animals that are easily stressed with change. Ear positioning conveys important social information: Content: vertical position and turned forward Aggressive: flatten Tail position: Content: lie flat and against the perineum Aggressive: elevated to the vertical

Llamas/Alpacas Submissive behavior: Tail curving forward over the back head and neck held low ears in a normal horizontal position front limbs slightly bent Aggressive Behavior: spitting kicking with back legs

Dogs Dominance: 1. a fixed stare ("clinical stare") 2. ears raised and angled forward 3. front of body held high and the hair on the neck is raised 4. tail raised lips curled revealing the canines and incisors Defensive or intimidated stance: 1. lower front end and head 2. ears back 3. lips pulled by in a "grin" 4. tail between legs - will bite if you encroach on its personal space

Dogs Submission: 1. lowering front end 2. avoiding direct eye contact 3. tail between legs 4. squat, urinated and defecate 5. may lie down on side or back exposing belly  

Dogs

Dogs Most common dog behavior problems according to owners:   Most common dog behavior problems according to owners: 1. Jumping 5. Digging 2. Barking 6. Chewing 3. Begging for food 7. Fear of horses 4. Jumping on furniture 8. Overprotective Most common dog behavior problems seen at a referral practice: 1. Aggression 5. Barking 2. Inappropriate elimination 6. Fears/phobias 3. Destructive behavior 7. Excessive submission 4. Excitability 8. Compulsive

Dogs Common behavioral problems: Separation Anxiety House-soiling Barking Chewing

Cats Allogrooming Allorubbing Classification of common cat behavior problems: 57.3 % are related to stressful environments 19.7% are related to medical causes 12.9% are related to improper socialization 10.1% are related to normal or genetic causes

Cats

Cats Aggression: Play Fear Pet-Induced

Cats Dominance Sexual Redirected

Cats Most common behavior problems seen in indoor cats: 1. Anexiety 4. Aggression 2. Scratching furniture 5. Inappropriate urination 3. Feeding problems 6. Inappropriate defecation   Most common problems leading to shelter surrender: 1. Fearfulness 3. Elilmination 2. Scratching 4. Aggression

Cats Common Behavioral Problems: House soiling Spraying Aggression

Avian Birds in the wild spend a 24 hour day: Grooming 20-66%/day Foraging for food 40-60%/day Vocalizing 2-5%/day Social Interaction 10-40%/day Bird Postures: Threatening/Scared Aggression Sexual/Attachment

Avian Common behavioral problems: Feather picking Screaming Aggression   Aggression  Height Dominance Biting:

Behavior Modification Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement    Counter conditioning Desensitization

Behavior Modification Corrective Techniques Direct interactive punishment  Remote interactive punishment Time out  Environmental Homeopathic Treatment Ginko  Kava Passiflora Valerian  Catnip  Melatonin

Behavioral Enrichment Sensory stimulation Feeding Manipulation Environmental Social Training Puzzles Animal enrichment at the Oregon Zoo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVBkW-hEUAU   Denver Zoo Animal Enrichment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLAkVkiMM0c Step Into The Wild (Animal Enrichment) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYrn5lUMoow