A New Kind of War Chapter 13, Section 2

Stalemate on the Western Front Schlieffen Plan Fails Russians mobilized quicker than Germany expected Germany shifted forces to the Eastern front Weakened forces in the West September 1914: Germany forces pushed back by France and English BATTLE OF MARNE: ended Germany’s hopes for quick defeat

Trench Warfare Trenches dug to avoid death from new guns Stalemate, or a deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other Battle lines lasted for four years on Western Front

Trench Warfare

Machine Gun The Hotchkiss machine-gun was the standard machine gun of the French Army during WWI and was sturdy and reliable.

Machine Gun Replaced single-fire, short range rifles British machine guns fired 8 rounds per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards

Artilery Large-caliber guns used in warfare Greater power and carried much further than regular guns 24 million shells used in the battle of Verdun alone.

Other New Weapons 75 different forms of gas used in WWI Flame throwers Tanks Airplanes

Mass Casualties Old tactics mixed with new weapons caused MASS casualties TOTAL LOSSES EXCEED 10 MILLION PEOPLE

Effects Romanticism lost No hero's welcome Changed attitudes about the war written in letters home

Effects 475 miles of trenches across North France British used over 10 million shovels Charged over the top of trenches into no man’s land to reach enemy trenches