Map Projections and Types of Maps

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Map Projections and Types

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Map Projections and Types of Maps

Map projection: Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map. Different projections show distortion in: Shape Distance Relative size Direction

Shape

Distance

Relative size

Direction

1. Robinson Projection Pro: Useful in displaying information across oceans along longitude lines; most common for geographers Con: Shows a larger proportion of water to land than actuality

2. Mercator Projection Pro: works for navigation around the Equator Con: area is extremely distorted towards the poles

3. Equal Area Projections Azimuthal and Goode’s Interrupted Homolosine Pro: Very little distortion to landmasses Con: Discontinuities in oceanic regions

Types of Maps Physical maps show elevation, mountains, rivers, deserts etc…

Types of Maps Political maps show countries, cities, capitals, counties.

Special purpose maps Maps designed for a special purpose. Highway maps, population maps, etc…

4. Choropleth maps Applies distinctive colors to represent different quantities or densities Typically on a map of a formal region (political)

5. Dot distribution/Dot Density map Shows distribution using a concentration of dots Each dot represents the same quantity Used for population density

6. Isopleth of Isoline maps Used to portray quantities that vary smoothly over a given area Joins locations with the same value Used for climate variables

7. Proportional symbol map Portrays numerical quantities Symbols are drawn proportional to the value at that location

8. Cartogram Deliberately distort map shapes to achieve special effects