THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS IRELAND

Catholics – 75% of the population. IRELAND Following the plantations, Ireland was a divided country. RELIGIOUS GROUPS Catholics – 75% of the population. Presbyterians – Came to Ulster from Scotland during the plantations. 10% of the population. Anglicans (Church of Ireland) – Came from England during the plantations. 15% of the population.

IRELAND Complete reading on Grattan’s Parliament. Complete EXERCISE 19 on page 127.

CAUSES OF REVOLUTION IN IRELAND Catholic and Presbyterian discontent – Even though some penal laws were banned, Catholics had to pay tax to Anglican clergy and were banned from parliament. Influence of the American and French Revolutions Power of Protestant Ascendancy – Protestants controlled the land even though they were only 15% of the population. Poverty in the countryside

IRELAND The United Irishmen was a group founded in Belfast to unite all religions and to reduce English power in Ireland. They later planned a rebellion in Ireland. The Protestant Ascendancy: These were members of the Church of Ireland who controlled the land and held power in Ireland.

IRELAND Theobald Wolfe Tone was leader of the Irish rebellion. Use your people in history work sheet to learn more about him.

THE AIM OF THE UNITED IRISHMEN WAS... WOLFE TONE THE AIM OF THE UNITED IRISHMEN WAS... To unite the whole people of Ireland. To abolish the memory of all past dissentions and to substitute the common name of Irishman in place of ...Protestant (Anglican), Catholic and Dissenter (Presbyterian). How were Irish people divided? What did Tone want to put in place of those divisions? Did he succeed?

WOLFE TONE Where was he when he wrote it? When did he arrive there? 26 December: The morning is now come and the gale continues... We have now been six days in Bantry Bay within a few hundred yards of the shore without being able to land... Of the 43 sails with which we can muster...but 14. 29 December: At four this morning the commodore made the signal to set sail for France. Where was he when he wrote it? When did he arrive there? How long did he stay there? Why did they not land?

IRISH REBELLION 1800 Act of Union 1793 France declares war on Britain 1791 Society of United Irishmen founded in Belfast 1793 France declares war on Britain 1794 United Irishmen banned and becomes secret society 1796 Wolfe Tone in France Bantry Bay landing fails British introduce death penalty & arms searches 1798 Arrest of United Irish leaders Risings in Wexford & Ulster French army lands in Mayo & arrested in Donegal Tone sentenced to hanging but commits suicide 1800 Act of Union

IRISH REBELLION The United Irishmen planned a rising. The British knew about this through their spies and the leaders were arrested. The Rising went ahead in Dublin, Kildare and Meath where mail coaches were attacked. They were put down easily. There was some success in Wexford when Fr John Murphy defeated yeomanry and militia at Oulart Hill, capturing Enniscorthy and Wexford town. 200 Protestants were burned in a bard and 100 killed in Wexford town. They were defeated at new Ross and Arklow as they tried to move out of Wexford. This was known as the battle of Vinegar Hill.

IRISH REBELLION This defeat continued in Ulster and Connaught. Wolfe Tone was captured when he arrived in Donegal with a French fleet. He was sentenced to death but committed suicide before this could be carried out. The Rising of 1798 was defeated because of poor organisation, stronger government forces, spies and insufficient French help.

RESULTS OF THE REBELLION 30,000 PEOPLE DIED DIVISIONS BETWEEN CATHOLICS & PROTESTANTS ACT OF UNION 1800 DUBLIN PARLIAMENT ABOLISHED & MEMBERS TO BE SENT TO WESTMINSTER ROBERT EMMET WAS INFLUENCED. FAILED REBELLION IN DUBLIN, 1803 INSPIRED LATER REBELLIONS – RISING OF 1867 AND 1916 RISING

OVERALL RESULTS OF THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS POWER OF MONARCHY REDUCED DEMOCRACY GREW EXAMPLE OF THE USA ENCOURAGED OTHER COUNTRIES GREATER EQUALITY VIOLENCE BECAME COMMON IN REVOLUTION ARMIES GREW LARGER AND WAR BECAME MORE DESTRUCTIVE