Psychology in Everyday Life

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Advertisements

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 9: Classical Conditioning Module 9 Classical Conditioning.
Learning How do we learn? Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
Learning How do we learn? 1.Classical conditioning 2.Operant conditioning 3.Learning by Observation.
Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison to the genetically- programmed.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning Learning defined on page –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning.
Chapter 6: Learning 1Ch. 6. – Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning : Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning :
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 7 Learning.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Exploring Psychology Chapter 7 Learning Eighth Edition David G. Myers
Learning Chapter 7. Operant & Classical Conditioning 1. Classical conditioning forms associations between stimuli (CS and US). Operant conditioning, on.
Table of Contents CHAPTER 6 Learning. Table of ContentsLEARNING  Learning  Classical conditioning  Operant/Instrumental conditioning  Observational.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
© Kip Smith, 2003 Beginning of Part 3: Nurture. © Kip Smith, 2003 Where we are in the syllabus Part 1: Psychology - the science of mind and behavior Part.
LEARNING- a permanent change in behavior due to experience
Learning Experiments and Concepts.  What is learning?
Psychology Ninth Edition in Modules Module 24 Operant Conditioning Copyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers David G. Myers.
Observational Learning Chapter 7, Lecture 4 “Children need models more than they need critics.” - Joseph Joubert.
Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience  Helps us …
Unit 6: Learning.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. 3 Types:  Classical  Operant.
Learning Definition: The process of acquiring new and enduring information or behaviors Associative learning is the key Conditioning – the process of.
Chapter 8 Learning. A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. learning.
Chapter 6 FLASH CARD CHALLENGE!!!
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 7 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
CHAPTER 8 Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Adaptability  Our capacity to learn new behaviors that allow.
Ninth Edition in Modules
Table of Contents Chapter 6 Learning. Table of Contents Learning –Classical conditioning –Operant/Instrumental conditioning –Observational learning Ivan.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.
Module 9 Classical Conditioning. Objectives Students will be able to… Students will be able to… Discuss the stages of Classical Conditioning Discuss the.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Unit VI Learning Worth Publishers.
Psychology Chapter 7 Learning Tenth Edition David G. Myers
PSYCHOLOGY: LEARNING Learning- the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
AP Psychology Unit: Learning.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Classical Conditioning
PSYCHOLOGY: LEARNING Learning- the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
Welcome to Jeopardy!.
Myers’ Psychology for AP®, 2e
Eleventh Edition in Modules
Psychology in Everyday Life
Unit: Learning.
Module 20 Operant Conditioning.
Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6.
Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
Principles of Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning, and Social Learning Psychology I Mrs. Hart.
Psychology in Everyday Life
Learning liudexiang.
Ninth Edition in Modules
Eleventh Edition in Modules
Eleventh Edition in Modules
Chapter 6: Learning.
Psychology in Everyday Life
Eleventh Edition in Modules
A Concise Introduction
Eleventh Edition in Modules
Eleventh Edition in Modules
Psychology in Everyday Life
Classical Conditioning
Tenth Edition in Modules
Classical Conditioning
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Presentation transcript:

Psychology in Everyday Life David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall Psychology in Everyday Life Third Edition Chapter 6 Learning Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 6. 1 Classical conditioning David G. Myers and C Figure 6.1 Classical conditioning David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 6. 2 Operant conditioning David G. Myers and C Figure 6.2 Operant conditioning David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Pavlov presented a neutral stimulus (a tone) just before an unconditioned stimulus (food in mouth). The neutral stimulus then became a conditioned stimulus, producing a conditioned response. Figure 6.3 Pavlov’s classic experiment David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Psychologist Michael Tirrell (1990) recalled: “My first girlfriend loved onions, so I came to associate onion breath with kissing. Before long, onion breath sent tingles up and down my spine. Oh what a feeling!” Figure 6.4 An unexpected CS David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

The rising curve (simplified here) shows that the CR rapidly grows stronger as the NS becomes a CS as it is repeatedly paired with the US (acquisition). The CS weakens when it is presented alone (extinction). After a pause, the CR reappears (spontaneous recovery). Figure 6.5 Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Thorndike used a fish reward to entice cats to find their way out of a puzzle box through a series of maneuvers. The cats’ performance tended to improve with successive trials, illustrating Thorndike’s law of effect. (Adapted from Thorndike, 1898.) Figure 6.6 Cat in a puzzle box David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Inside the box, the rat presses a bar or button for a food reward Inside the box, the rat presses a bar or button for a food reward. Outside, measuring devices (not shown here) keep records of the animal’s responses. Figure 6.7 A Skinner box David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 6. 1 Ways to Increase Behavior David G. Myers and C Table 6.1 Ways to Increase Behavior David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 6. 2 Schedules of Partial Reinforcement David G. Myers and C Table 6.2 Schedules of Partial Reinforcement David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 6. 3 Ways to Decrease Behavior David G. Myers and C Table 6.3 Ways to Decrease Behavior David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 6. 4 Comparison of Classical and Operant Conditioning David G Table 6.4 Comparison of Classical and Operant Conditioning David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Courtesy of Kathryn Brownson, Hope College In a series of experiments that controlled for other factors (such as the brightness of the image), men found women more attractive and sexually desirable when framed in red (Elliot & Niesta, 2008). Figure 6.8 Romantic red David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 6. 5 Biological and Cognitive Influences on Conditioning David G Table 6.5 Biological and Cognitive Influences on Conditioning David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience / Science Source Brain activity related to actual pain (left) is mirrored in the brain of an observing loved one (right). Empathy in the brain shows up in areas that process emotions, but not in the areas that register physical pain. Figure 6.10 Experienced and imagined pain in the brain David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Stanislav Solntsev /Digital Vision / Getty Images Researchers studied more than 400 third- to fifth-graders. After controlling for existing differences in hostility and aggression, the researchers reported increased aggression in those heavily exposed to violent TV, videos, and video games (Gentile et al., 2004). Figure 6.11 Heavy exposure to media violence predicts future aggressive behavior David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers