Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of UNITY? German + Italian Unification

Nationalism: Feeling of strong loyalty and pride to one’s country and culture. *Can be a force for UNITY (Italy/Germany) or DIVISION (Ottomans)

Bismarck Unites Germany Otto Von Bismarck “BLOOD AND IRON” Policy used to unite German states under Prussian rule. Militarism 1) Glorifying Military 2) Using military as a means (method) of achieving national goals 3) Fought wars for UNIFICATION and POWER Realpolitik 1) Realistic Politics – Strengthen military and economy 2) Economic Strengths: Industry, Resources, Workforce 3) “The End Justifies the Means”

Otto Von Bismarck “The Iron Chancellor” NATIONALISTIC GOALS 1) UNIFICATION and POWER for Germany 2) The STATE is more important than the INDIVIDUAL 3) Foreign Allies: Build links to Austria and Russia, Keep France Weak (Why?) Enemies Catholic Church (1/3 of German Population) Socialists (What is Socialism?) Both Backfired  Led to Social Reform and Laws to Protect Workers

Austro-Prussian War

Franco Prussian War

Otto Von Bismarck – “Blood and Iron” Abdicate: Resign a position, formally give up. Advocate: To help/assist, be a voice for Parliament: Assembly of representatives that makes laws Dictatorship: Government led by a single ruler, Authoritarian or totalitarian. Opposed: To act against, provide resistance Perish: Die because of harsh conditions, disappear.

Directions for Primary Source Analsysis Answer each question in complete sentences. Underline the segment of the document you found the answer and label it in the margin with the question #. i.e.: Who was king of Germany? William was the King of Germany. TEXT: I was received by King William on September 22, 1862. - #1

Italian Nationalism Risorgimento - Italian Nationalist Movement Guisseppe Mazzini (The Soul) 1) Founded Young Italy 2) Beginning of Nationalism in Italy Count Camillo Cavour (The Brains) Realpolitik (Like Bismarck): Economy and Army Giuseppe Garibaldi (The Sword) “Red Shirts”(Militant Group)  Took over Sicily

King Victor Emmanuel

Giuseppe Mazzini GOAL “To Constitute Italy, One, Free, Independent, Republican Nation”

Count Camillo Cavour

Giuseppe Garibaldi “Red Shirts”

ECONOMIC CHANGES 1) Improved Agriculture 2) Free Trade Between States 3) Industrialization -Large Workforce SOCIAL CHANGES 1) Emigration – Movement away from homeland 2) Improved Social Conditions, Working Conditions and Education 3) Increased Suffrage – Right to Vote

Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of DIVISION? Ottoman Empire

Ottoman History 1) Took Over Byzantine Empire in 1453 Capital City – Istanbul (Constantinople) 2) Religion – Islam Hagia Sophia – Church Mosque 3) Famous Leader – Suleyman

Ottoman Problems 1) Multinational Empire 2) Weak Leaders Balkans – Nationalist Revolutions 2) Weak Leaders 3) Conflict with Europeans (Crimean War) Europeans want the Strategic Location 4) Failed Attempts at Reform

Ottoman Nationalist Movements Ottomans lost control of territories due to nationalistic rivalries and ethnic tensions: Romania, Bosnia, Montenegro, Cyprus, Herzgovina, Bulgaria, Greece Ottomans are overthrown because of feelings of NATIONALISM

Ottoman Reforms - Ataturk MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK – “Father of the Turks” A great reformer/westernizer/modernizer Similar to (Emperor Meiji, Peter the Great) 1) Political Reforms: Declared Turkey a REPUBLIC and granted FREEDOM OF RELIGION (A secular state – NOT RELIGIOUS), ***European legal code (no Islamic law) 2) Social Reforms: Schools for all, Equality for women 3) Nationalism: Brought in western ideas, culture, technology to make Turkey a powerful MODERN state.

Nationalist Leaders Thematic Essay Unification of Italy and Germany

Choose TWO Nationalist Leaders and: Identify the nation or region where the individual led a nationalist movement. Describe the historical background leading up to that nationalist movement Discuss how the actions of the specific nationalist leader have influenced the region/nation in which the movement took place.

Prussia was divided into many kingdoms. National Leader Nation Historical Background Influence on Region Otto Von Bismarck Germany Prussia was divided into many kingdoms. King Wilhelm wanted to unite Prussia Legislature did not support unification efforts. Pope and Austria wanted to keep Germany weak. Wilhelm appoints Bismarck as Prime Minister “Blood and Iron” – Militarism increased $ on military to achieve national goals. Realpolitik – Realistic politics aimed at economic growth and military strength. People were united based on a common language, history and traditions. Nationalism increased. GERMANY IS UNITED

Italy is divided into many states. National Leader Nation Historical Background Influence on Region Mazzini, Cavour , Garibaldi Italy Italy is divided into many states. Napoleon invades and rules. Austria and France own pieces of Italy. Pope has control over Rome. All want Italy to remain divided. Increased NATIONALISM in Italy. Realpolitik (Cavour): Industrialization and Free Trade between. People were united based on a common language, history and traditions. Nationalism increased. ITALY IS UNITED