The Cold War Ends Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War Ends Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe

Cold War Predictions Why did the Soviet Union “lose” the Cold War? Why did Communism collapse inside Russia? Remember: Deterrence...led to? Satellite Nations...were? The Iron Curtain...created?

Problems FOR the Soviet Union Increased military expenses to compete with the US were hurting the USSR Inefficient with state-controlled economy, no real growth Rising nationalism in Soviet Satellites

Fall of Berlin Wall By 1989, public protests grew among the citizens of East Germany The Communist government decided to lift the travel ban to the West People rushed to the wall to go west for the first time in 28 years! The wall came down!!! By October of 1990, East and West Germany were united into one Germany...Communist-free!

Wall Graffiti – the world’s canvas!

Problems AT HOME for the Soviet Union

Soviet Economic Collapse The Soviet Union was a totalitarian state. Silence rewarded and Individualism discouraged As a result… Soviet society rarely changed and the Soviet economy became stagnant (didn’t grow).

Gorbachev’s Reforms Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in 1985 Decides to Institute new Soviet policies in order to save the Soviet economy and the Communist government Glasnost (political) Perestroika (economic)

Gorbachev’s Policies Glasnost gave Soviet citizens a political voice to… complain about economic problems give solutions Perestroika economic restructuring Gorbachev allowed local managers to gain authority over farms and factories Set prices and wages Increased production and efficiency Side-effect: giving the people a voice led them to demand democracy!

Breakup of the Soviet Union Soviet citizens demanded the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev Communist “hardliners” try to overthrow Gorbachev (military coup) by sending the military in to Moscow, but the troops refuse to act against the people! Gorbachev loses power and is forced to resign Boris Yeltsin became the Russian Federation’s first elected president Free elections caused Soviet satellite nations to declare independence

Moscow, 1991