U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy What is a Foreign Policy? Our relationship with other countries Isolation or Intervention ?? Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy: “To create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.” - U.S. State Department

Goals of US Foreign Policy National Security Free and Open Trade World Peace Democratic Governments Concern for Humanity

TOOLS OF FOREIGN POLICY

DIPLOMACY Negotiating disputes between the US and other nations OR the US helping to settle disputes between two other nations Example: Camp David Accords

Map of states and territories with which the U. S Map of states and territories with which the U.S. has no official diplomatic relations.

AID Economic Aid Sending money or giving financial support to foreign countries Ex: Lend-Lease, Marshall Plan Military Aid Military assistance Ex: help those feel most critical to the realization of our foreign policy goals (Middle East, Libya recently)

AID Humanitarian Aid material or logistical assistance, typically in response to crises including natural disasters Ex: help to Haiti, medical care, food and water to Africa

TREATIES & AGREEMENTS Official agreements between the US and foreign countries Ex: NATO, NAFTA

Sanctions Withdrawing US benefits from foreign countries to force them to cease certain activities How: withholding loans, arms or economic aid restricting trade EX: Cuba, Iraq under Hussein

Military Intervention Using military force to settle disputes with other nations Ex: Korea, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, War on Terrorism

Key Organizations NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Mutual defense alliance created between the US, Canada, and western Europe after WWII

Key Organizations United Nations Created after WWII as a forum to allow nations to settle their disputes peacefully Today consists of 193 ”peace-loving” nations Three Major Goals: Preserve world peace and security Encourage nations to deal fairly with each other Help nations cooperate to try to solve social and economic problems

How is Foreign Policy Carried Out???

Secretary of State President’s top advisor on Foreign Policy Cabinet official Rex Tillerson

Ambassadors Our representative in foreign nations They work at an EMBASSY: a location in a foreign country that belongs to the US

National Security Advisor Chief advisor to the Pres. on national security issues Not a member of the cabinet Keith Kellogg (interim)

CIA Central Intelligence Agency Gather information about other countries and gov’ts “spies”

Get with either 1 or 2 partners Grab a book Complete the timeline!

DEVELOPMENT of U.S. Foreign Policy More Things You Should Remember from World History

1789- early 1900s: ISOLATIONISM Isolationism established in George Washington’s Farewell Address 1823 Monroe Doctrine warned Europe that the Americas were closed to future colonization by Europe Aka: STAY OUT!!

1789- early 1900s: Isolationism 1898 Spanish-American War Imperialism US begins making a name for itself on the world stage 1900 Roosevelt Corollary: US becomes police power in the Caribbean and Latin America US will enforce the Monroe Doctrine

WORLD GOES TO WAR (Twice!) 1917 US enters WWI “to make the world safe for democracy” 1919 – Treaty of Versailles ends WWI Senate refuses to ratify the treaty because it includes the League of Nations US reverts to isolationism again

WORLD GOES TO WAR (Twice!) 1941 Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor U.S. enters WWII After WWII, U.S. becomes a world power New role = Globalization

COLD WAR PERIOD 1947 Truman Doctrine: Policy of Containment Marshall Plan: US spends money to rebuild Europe 1950-1953 Korean Conflict

COLD WAR PERIOD 1954 Domino Theory 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis 1964-1973 Vietnam Conflict

COLD WAR PERIOD 1970s Détente Nixon’s visit to China 1980s Iran-Contra Affair (“arms for hostages”) 1991 Cold War ends with fall of Berlin Wall

MODERN PERIOD (post-Cold War) 1991 Persian Gulf War 2001 9-11 terrorist attacks Policy = preemption War on Terrorism Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) War in Iraq