The Reach of Imperialism By Paige Schindler, Braden Wirtz, Jagger Neary, Caleb Isaac, Julie conley

Europeans had an interest in Africa’s raw materials (peanuts, timber, palm oil, hides, etc.) Before they benefited from slave trades but such trades had basically ended in the late 1800s The growing European interaction in West Africa made the African governments very tense Great Britain annexed the west costal states of Africa to make their first colony Gold Coast in 1874 Around the same time Great Britain established a protectorate in Nigeria Then in 1900 France took control of a huge portion of land (French West Africa) The Dutch occupied Cape Town Germany had control of Cameroon, Togo, German East Africa, and German Southwest Africa The Berlin Conference was to regulate European colonization and trade during New Imperialism West Africa

Berlin Conference political cartoon

Egypt Egypt had been a part of the Ottoman empire In 1805 Muhammad Ali took power and gave Egypt its independence from the Ottoman He reformed Egypt to get into the modern world (modernized the army, made a public school system, and created small industries) The Nile Valley had growing economic importance and Europeans wanted to build a canal the connected the Mediterranean and Red Sea The canal would allow them to travel to Asia without going around Africa In 1854 Ferdinand de Lesseps got the contract to build the canal and it was finished in 1869 (its called the Suez Canal) David Livingstone explored Africa and uncharted regions

Boer Republic Upset about British rule, the Boers moved to the North, this journey is known as the Great Trek They settled between the Orange and Vaal rivers The Boers formed two independent republics: The Transvaal and The Orange Free State (South African Republic) Europeans were denied place in Boer since they believed the God ordained white supremacy Only white people could vote The Boers and Zulus fought with each other but both were defeated by the British

Cecil Rhodes In the 1880’s British policy in South Africa was influenced greatly by Cecil Rhodes Cecil Rhodes founded a mining company that made him a fortune off of diamonds and gold Settlers invaded the Transvaal territory when diamonds were found Rhodes tried to start an uprising against the Boer but it failed He was forced to resign as head of Cape Colony

The Boer War The Boer War lasted from 1899 to 1902 Guerrilla resistance from the Boer angered the British so they burned the Boer’s crops and forced 120,00 Boer into detention camps 20,000 Boer died of starvation The British won in 1902 In 1910, the British gave the Boer control of the Union of South Africa Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal all had claims in Africa Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free states

Colonial Rule in Africa The British had and indirect rule over Africa. The current rulers were forced to accept British authority The rulers still ruled over their country but the British made all the decisions Because the old African elite still had some power tension began to rise between the classes The French attempted to bring Africans to French culture

Rise of African Nationalism The next generation of Africans were well educated and knew how to deal with the west The new generation admired western culture and some disliked their own country They tried to integrate democracy, equality, and political freedom into their society Native Africans had low paying jobs The middle class dealt with jobs in business and government Europeans still had power over the Africans The next generation also introduced nationalism Natives across Africa in the early 20th century wanted to be independent and to be self-governing

Who found David Livingstone along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika? William Henry Charles Gordon Henry Stanley Ferdinand de Lesseps

  When was the Boer War? 1899-1902 1865-1871 1913-1914 1887-1892

  Who took power after Egypt and declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire? Henry Stanley Muhammad Ali Cecil Rhodes Cetewayo

What was the name of the tribe who the Boers fought with frequently? Himba Zulu Hausa Oromo

  Which European country failed an invasion against Ethiopia? Italy Germany Portugal Spain

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