Ch 5: Mexican Revolution Part II

OBJECTIVE Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government. DO NOW: What 3 European countries was Mexico in debt to, and which of the three did they end up going to battle with because they could not negotiate a payment plant with?

Flores-Magon Brothers Jesus, Richardo & Enrique = Published articles criticizing Diaz, and called for liberal movement to select new leaders. Jailed by Diaz the brothers escaped to the US * Cont’d to write against Diaz in San Antonio TX but would smuggle their articles into Mexico.

Francisco Madero Family Hacienda: made sure the peones were well attended. Financially supported the Flores-Magon brothers , and together they would bring the “Porfirato” to an end. Madero looked for a political revolution: began to tour Mexico speaking against Diaz. Offered himself as candidate for President in 1910, Diaz did the same. Madero’s candidacy came to end, arrested by Diaz. On election day Madero is in Jail = San Luis Potosi DIAZ WON THE ELECTION

OBJECTIVE Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government. DO NOW: What European country did Mexico fight in the famous battle called Cinco de Mayo and why?

Revolts Early 1900’s we seen the start of employees going on strike: mines & textile plants : a START of revolt Madero escaped jail went to US= wrote the Plan of San Luis Potosi => called for armed revolt against Diaz and declared him temporary President until real elections were held. DATE: November 20, 1910 set the date for the rebellion Uprising = Pascual Orozco & Doroteo Arango (aka Pancho Villa) in Chihuahua and Emiliano Zapata in Morelos * May 25th 1911: Diaz resigned to Madero and went to France = Madero welcomed into Mexico City as a HERO! Became President

Emiliano Zapata Zapata did not trust Madero. Zapata took over ejido lands and started to give back to the peones. Zapata seen returning the land as a true meaning to have had a revolt against Diaz. * Madero asked Zapata to stop that things had to be done legally and to lay down arms. General Victoriano Huerta sent to Morelos to make sure Zapata laid down arms: did not go well and fighting broke out Zapata would continue to fight = wanted land for his people

Madero Presidency Madero moved to slowly to the requests of his people * no descendants of the Spanish conquistadores * wanted foreigners (“gringos”) out of Mexico * lands to be restored Madero caught between: could not satisfy the rich or men like Zapata Generals started to declare revolt against Madero * Victoriano Huerta & Felix Diaz (Porfirio’s nephew) plotted against Madero: battle of 10 days in Mexico City = Madero forced to resign, was later killed : believed by Huerta Huerta betrayed Felix Diaz = named himself President

OBJECTIVE Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government. DO NOW: Who was Madero and what was he not able to accomplish?

Huerta Dictatorship Rebellions broke out throughout Mexico when word got out about Huerta overthrowing Madero. Venustiano Carranza ( supporter of Madero) formed the Constitutionalist Party. Joined by: * Pancho Villa & Alvaro Obregon * Zapata did not trust Carranza but opposed Huerta so fought against Huerta

Villa & Zapata Villa = Chihuahua * returned land to the peasants * cleaned the streets * built schools * built health clinics * printed his own money Zapata did similar to Villa just in Morelos Mexican Revolt: estimated 1 million Mexican’s lost their lives (many civilians) * 10% Mexico Pop. fled to US to escape bloodshed

US Involvement Germany supported Huerta: tried to get him to join WWI => promised them the return of Mexico’s lost northwestern territory from the US. US learns of German ships heading to the Vera Cruz port of Mexico * US sends in Marines While Huerta worried about US troops, Zapata, Obregon, Carranza and Villa take advantage of the situation Huerta surrendered in 1914 when surrounded in Mexico City by Villa Carranza looked to lead and Obregon supported him, but Villa & Zapata did not Carranza & Obregon went to Vera Cruz = no stand off with Villa or Zapata * US troops turned over Vera Cruz to Carranza

Villa & Zapata Meet Xochimilco: both leaders come face to face, neither of them care to become President. Both returned to their homes.

OBJECTIVE Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government. DO NOW: Why was US worried that Huerta was talking to Germany. What was going in the US at this time?

Carranza vs Villa Carranza & Obregon => plot to defeat Villa Bloodiest Battle of Revolution = Celaya Obregon : used European tactics= barbed wire, trenches & machine guns Villa: retreated to Chihuahua US recognizes Carranza as President, Villa becomes furious => Villa invades US (bank robbery) , so US President Wilson send troops to find & kill Villa = NEVER FOUND

Carranza = Mexican Constitution 1917 Church loses power = no more church schools, no more church owning lands = all would become public land Min. Wage set in place Child labor law = forbidding child labor 6 year Presidential terms and no re-elections Ejido lands => to the Indians Foreigners prohibited from owning land/property in Mexico ALL “subsoil wealth” (oil, natural gas, minerals) property of Mexico CARRANZA PRESIDENT: IGNORED NEW LAWS & UNABLE TO MAINTAIN ORDER Zapata kept on fighting against Carranza * Zapata soon killed by Carranza men in 1919

End of Revolution Carranza put in someone he could control * Revolt broke out: Alvaro Obregon came out of retirement with Adolfo de la Huerta they marched to Mexico City Carranza escaped capital but later shot Obregon then became President: the bloody revolution ended and Mexico now looked to heal its wounds => another 20 yeas before the Constitution of 1917 ideas would be realized

Mexico’s Pride in Indian heritage & culture Great mural painters began to decorate buildings with native Mexican scenes * Orozco * Siqueiros * Diego Rivera

President Lazaro Cardenas Tarascan Indian / Revolutionary fighter as a boy moved up to rank to General Election 1934 => he would be unlike most other Mexican Presidents He traveled = rural poor , listened to their problems, and acted to realize the revolutions dreams He spent $$$ on education for the poor Rural schools built Acted on land reform 50 million acres redistributed PEMEX = Petroleos Mexicanos all became property of Mexico