Writing Essays

Discursive Essays Types Definition A discursive essay is a piece of formal writing which discusses a particular issue, situation or problem. Types For and against essays Opinion essays Essays suggesting solutions to problems

Suggested Structure FOR AND AGAINST OPINION SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS Introduction P1: State opinion (without stating your opinion) P1: State the topic and your opinion P1: State the problem and cause(s) or effect(s) Main Body P2-3: Arguments for & justifications, examples or reasons P4-5: Arguments against & justifications, examples or reasons P2-4: Viewpoints & reasons or examples P5: Opposing viewpoint and reason or example P2-5: Suggestions & results Conclusion P6: Balanced consideration or opinion P6: Summarise or restate your opinion P6: Summarise your opinion

Formal Style Passive voice, impersonal constructions It is argued that…It is a common belief that… A range of vocabulary: verbs, adjectives, abstract nouns, etc. A heated debate concerning the controversial issue… Formal linking words/phrases Furthermore, however, nonetheless, etc.

Formal Style Complex sentences with a variety of links, dependent clauses, etc. Inversion, especially in conditionals (If this were true, we would…) Were this true, we would… (This has never been more obvious…) Never has this been more obvious…

Beginning and Ending Discursive Essays: Techniques First paragraph Make reference to an unusual or striking idea/scene/situation. Address the reader directly and/or ask a rhetorical question. Start with a quotation or thought-provoking statement.

Beginning and Ending Discursive Essays: Techniques Last paragraph Finish with a quotation. Ask a rhetorical question. Give the reader something to consider.

One Brainstorming Technique: The Discussion Clock