Bellringer Download today’s notes: Unification Notes Answer the following questions: 1. Define the term unification. 2. What would be some possible advantages and drawbacks of movements towards unification for ethnic groups or countries?

Breakdown of the Concert of Europe

Italian Unification In 1850, Austria dominate force on Italian peninsula. Italy had already failed to unite, looked to the Italian state of Piedmont in the north for leadership and prime minister Camillo di Cavour. Cavour pursued economic growth. Why? Made alliance with France. Why? Drove the Austrians out of the north, and other Italian states overthrew their governments and joined them. In the south, Giuseppe Garibaldi raised an army and defeated the rulers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Garibaldi handed his conquests over to Piedmont. Why? Finally got Venetia and Rome. Unification was complete by 1870.

German Unification Germans looked to Prussia to unite Germany after failed attempts in 1848. Why? Prussia was a strong, prosperous, and authoritarian state. Known for militarism. (Define: ) Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck ignored the legislature and strengthened the military. Practiced “realpolitik” – “politics of reality” Soon defeated Denmark with Austrian help, then turned on Austria and defeated them. Southern German states joined the Northern German Confederation for protection from France. Prussia and France went to war in 1870 (Franco-Prussian War), Prussia won territory and $$, left France wanting revenge. William I proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Empire in 1871. Unification was complete and Germany became the strongest power in Europe.

Review! 1. What is unification? 2. What led to the breakdown of the Concert of Europe? 3. Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi? 4. Who was Otto von Bismarck? 5. What concerns would many European nations have about the unification of Italy and Germany?

Homework Ch. 10 Test on Wednesday