The Causes of WWI.

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Presentation transcript:

The Causes of WWI

Nationalism Growth of nationalism, deep devotion to one’s nation Competition between nations to overpower one another Rivalry among Europe’s great powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, France) Sources of rivalry: Competition for materials and markets Territorial disputes Calls for independence

Imperialism and Militarism Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia To be great, a nation must have a powerful military All nations except Britain have standing armies by 1914 Nations should be able to mobilize quickly Militarism: policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war Leads to sense of patriotism Some are frightened

Alliances Alliances created to keep peace, but eventually lead to war Otto von Bismarck (Prime Minister, Prussia) wants to keep peace in Europe Wants to isolate France to keep it from gaining power Forms dual alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary (Triple Alliance) Allows Russia to join alliance Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) forces Bismarck to resign Ignores Russia, who signs treaty with France in 1892-94 Wilhelm begins building navy of Germany to rival Britain Fearing growing power of Germany, Britain forms alliance with France and Russia (Triple Entente)

The Balkans Lead to War Home to many ethnic groups in E. Europe Nations break away from Ottoman Empire and create new nations Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia Each new nation has a strong sense of nationalism and wants to extend borders Serbia wants to absorb all of E. European Slavic population, Austria-Hungary fears rebellions inside its borders In response to Serbia, Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina (Slavic nations) Angers Serbians, who try to take Bosnia and Herzegovina away Austria-Hungary vows to fight against Serbia

The First Shot of WWI June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to throne of Austria-Hungary) and his wife visit Sarajevo, Bosnia While riding in their car through Sarajevo, they are shot by a Serbian, Gavrilo Princip Princip is member of Black Hand, a group wanting to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule Austria-Hungary decides to punish Serbia Declaration of war on July 28

Alliances Drawn Into War Austria declares war on Serbia Russia (Austrian ally) enters war by settling on Russian and German borders Germany takes this as threat, declares war on Russia and France Russia asks France for help, Britain steps in

Settled Alliances Central Powers Allies/Allied Powers Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Allies/Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Italy (switches sides from CP) Young men march off to war, believe the war will be short (over by Christmas)

N W E S Triple Entente Triple Alliance 1”=500 mi.