Previously Seen On WH… End of Absolute Rule Enlightenment and the demand for individual rights The Industrial Revolution, the increased wealth of nations, and an increase in worker’s rights

The Rise of Nationalism Gusseppi Gardbaldi lead the Red Shirts in unifying Italy Tennis Court Oath: We will not leave until we gain representation in the government and individual rights So knowing that we have talked about individual rights, the end of monarchs, and now looking at these pictures, what do you think we will be studying next? We talked about nationalism when we talked about the French Revolution, but we are now going to take a look at how nationalism helped to unify 2 other countries which go on to write constitutions insuring the rights of their citizens… Kaiser I became Kaiser of Germany, and Otto Von Bismarck became his Chancellor

Nationalism Pride in one’s country So what is nationalism… No longer did people show loyalty to the Monarch, they showed loyalty to their nation (of which the constitutions usually provided individuals rights (again, with the Enlightenment)… How do you see nationalism being portrayed in these images?

Patriotism A willingness to fight to defend your country Nationalism is different from Patriotism. Patriotism is a willingness to sacrifice your life for your country.

Historical Context Industrial Revolution Competition for markets and consumers creates a “race” - leads to competition for colonial control A nation’s success is tied to the hard work of its people

Historical Context Political Revolutions French Revolution and Reign of Terror (1789-1794) Latin American colonies (late 1700s-mid 1800s) Haiti Venezuela Argentina Mexico Peru Brazil

Historical Context Political Revolutions Major ideas and goals: Power to the people, not the monarch In Latin America, remove foreign rule and “liberate” the people Change traditional conservative order of Europe Representative democracy & extension of voting rights

Historical Context Clash of political philosophies in Europe Conservatives Protect the traditional monarchies of Europe Mostly the wealthy landowners and nobility Liberals Give more power to the elected gov’t bodies Only give educators and landowners voting rights Mostly middle-class Radicals Extend democracy to all Ideas from Enlightenment and Revolutionary periods

Defining Nationalism NATIONALISM: the belief that people’s greatest loyalties should not be to a king or empire, but to a people who share a common culture and history. The rise of nationalism is tied to the spread of democratic ideas and the growth of the middle class.

Bonds that Create a Nation-State

Defining Nationalism Positive Results Negative Results People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good. Forced assimilation of minority cultures into the nation’s majority culture. Overthrow of colonial rule. Ethnic cleansing (ex: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1990s). Growth of democratic nations worldwide. Rise of extreme nationalist movements (ex: Nazism). Competition among nations that leads to scientific and tech. advances. Competition among nations that leads to war.

Defining Nationalism Nationalism can both fuse and break apart nations Fusion = Germany, Italy, United States… Breakage = Ottoman Empire and the Balkans, Austrian Empire, Yugoslavia…