22. What are spheres of influence 22. What are spheres of influence? Where did European nations use spheres of influence? A type of colonization where countries had ‘special rights related to trading” in these spheres A type of colonization where countries had ‘special right related to trading” in these spheres Used in China, Japan

23. What was the result of the Meiji Restoration on Japan? Focus on embracing modernism as well and maintaining traditional ways. Started building the Japanese empire. Focus on embracing modernism as well and maintaining traditional ways. Gets them ready for wwi wwii

24. Define nationalism. Nationalism: pride in one’s nation

Unified Germany Divided the Ottoman Empire 25. Give examples of nationalism as a unifying force and examples of nationalism as a divisive force? Unified Germany Divided the Ottoman Empire

Used nationalism to unify Italy 26. Identify Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi. What do they have in common? (p. 584-595) Used nationalism to Unify Germany Used nationalism to unify Italy

Coal and iron resources Large population seeking work 27. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England (give several reasons)? (p. 510-515) Access to ports Coal and iron resources Large population seeking work Easy to transition from cottage industries to factories

28. Name some social reforms that took place in Western Europe (Britain, France, and Germany) during the 1800s. Legalization of labor unions Passage of child labor laws Women’s suffrage movement

29. What is Social Darwinism? (p. 571) an application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and economic issues. "the strong survive," applied to human issues. promoted the idea that the white European race was superior to others, and therefore, destined to rule over them.

30. Define imperialism. What caused imperialism? (p. 632) Controlling another nation politically, culturally, religiously, and/or economically The need was brought about by the Industrial Revolution New markets New materials the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies Spread of religion

31. Describe native people's reactions to imperialism in the following areas: South Africa (p. 637-639) India (p. 648-649, 645) China (p. 652) Creation of the African National Congress and increase in African nationalism The Sepoy Rebellion attempted to resist British interference in India and the Indian National Congress Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion were attempts by the Chinese to rid themselves of foreign control.

32. What new nations in Europe were formed after World War I? (p. 711) Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yuogoslavia…the creation of Eastern European nations

Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism 33. Why was the Balkan Peninsula known as the "powder keg of Europe"? (p. 695) Bunch of different nationalities Ruled by different foreign empires Due to MAIN causes, led to a high level of tension so that one little thing “SPARKED” the whole region like a POWDER KEG Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Bunch of different nationalities, ruled by different empires