Obj. What role did nationalism play in the unification of Germany? Basic Idea Reason Impact of the Congress of Vienna 1815 Rise of Otto Von Bismarck 1861-1880 Wars for German Unification 1865-1871 The New German state 1870’s King Wilhelm I 1878-1914

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“But by blood and iron ..” “Our blood is too hot, we prefer armor too great for our small body to carry, but we should put it to service. …Prussia's borders are not favorable to a healthy national life. Not by speeches and decisions of majorities will the greatest problems of the time be decided ….. but by iron and blood.” -1868 Otto Von Bismarck speech to German Parliament Basic Idea Reason

Impact of the Congress Vienna Following the exile of Napoleon, Western Europe was soon divided into new territories at the CONGRESS OF VIENNA IN 1815 In order to maintain a “balance of power” (In which one European country does not become too strong) German speaking lands were divided into 39 different independent states Prussia and Austria were the major monarchies in the German regions

Rise of Otto Von Bismarck 1861-1880 In 1861 Otto Von Bismarck was appointed Chancellor (Minister) over Prussia under King Wilhelm I As a former diplomat and conservative his goals Unify more of the German- states under Prussian leadership through “Blood and Iron” Emphasis on RealPolitik; Realistic policies to unite Germany (use any means to do it) Diminish the power of Austria over German states

Wars for German unification (1865-1871) Name of War Causes Effects Won the war in seven weeks Prussia annexed more German states to the North, uniting them under Prussian leadership Conflict over the control of the small German state of Holstein Austrian- Prussian War 1866 Viewed as the first war of “Germans” vs. French Captured 100,000 troops and removed Napoleon III from the throne Humiliation - FRENCH HATE OF GERMANY #Just wait… WWI Could a member of a Prussian family be a ruler in Spain? Franco-Prussia War 1871

1870’s- The New German state Internationally: United Germany was now seen as the most powerful military in Europe Domestically (Inside the country): Declared Wilhelm I as the king and Von Bismarck as the prime minister, with a new constitution and a “Diet” Liberals (socialist) and conservatives fought for power, Von Bismarck passed new laws such as; healthcare and social security

King Wilhelm II 1878-1914 King Wilhelm II took power and dismissed Von Bismark, after viewing him as a threat to his power He ignored RealPolitik tried to make Germany more “Imperialist” (conquer new territories) and compete with Great Britain

Step 1: Grouping and gathering evidence Using the documents provided, analyze Von Bismarck’s motives for the Austrian- Prussian War:

Step2: Analyze for POV You want to analyze the POV in order to justify the reliability of your evidence or further support your key point (Tone, Author’s background, occasion/timing, audience, Motivation/reason) We will focus on 4 ways: Tone: How does the tone of the source help show nationalist feelings? Author Background: Why is the author’s background important to consider and how does it support the evidence Reason/Motivation: What motivated the author to construct this source Audience: Why is the audience important to consider when thinking about the reliability of this source

Obj. What role did nationalism play in the unification of Italy? ABOARD Assessment Expectations: Time: 10:00 Mins Remain Silent during the Assessment Cornell Notes 4 problems with unification Rise of Italian Nationalism 1840’s-50’s Territorial Wars for Unification 1850’s- 60’s Post – Unification Italy

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4 problems with unification Italy was divided into 9 different regional kingdoms Austria controlled a large portion of the north The pope was against unification because he would lose political power Italy’s geography was treacherous

Rise of Italian Nationalism 1840’s – 1850’s Many Italian citizens detested (disliked) their local leaders Influenced by the French revolution Giuseppe Mazzini— began spreading ideas of a new unified Italy, thinking back to Rome, he was an idealist hoped for democratic republic 1848 led a FAILED revolution, however nationalism spread

Territorial Wars for Unification 1850’s-60’s Camillo Cavour Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia ( a realist) worked to remove Austria from northern Italy. Used France’s help during the conflict 1860-61: Giuseppe Garabaldi leader of the “red shirts” united the southern territories of Italy and placed in the hands of the monarch Italy 1861- officially united

Post-Unification Italy Pope lost political power Italy was ruled by a constitutional monarchy Became strong allies with Germany who helped them gain final territories

Red, Yellow, Green Cues Red – difficult Questions Yellow – Moderate Green - Easy Use CUES method: C: circle the power word (what is the key word) U: Underline terms –nouns(people, places,) E: Eliminate the WORSE answer choice S: Select the best answer choices