Classifying Organisms Classification Systems

Classification Classification: a way to organize living things into similar groups. Scientists use cell type, cell structure, and DNA to classify organisms. Domains and Kingdoms are the broadest levels.

Classification Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti? Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

Classification The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, determined by cell structures. From here, domains are divided into 6 main kingdoms. Bacteria  Bacteria Archaea  Archaea Eukarya  Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

Classification Scientists use a system known as binomial nomenclature to give organisms their scientific names. This means “two names” and refers to an organism’s genus and species. It was developed by Carolus Linnaeus. The Genus and species are also italicized. The Genus will be capitalized, and the species will have all lowercase letters.

Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key is a chart with many choices that guide you to the name of the thing you want to identify. It can be used with anything, living or nonliving, and can be made by anyone.

Classifying Organisms Bacteria & Archaea

Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria There are more bacteria than any other living thing. Can be found anywhere. Microscopic – very small Live on and in other living organisms

Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria Can cause disease and pollution Used to make foods, like yogurt Healthy bacteria helps us digest food Classified based on shape, size, how they get energy, and their oxygen use.

Domain: Archaea Kingdom: Archaea Single-celled (unicellular) Live in extreme conditions Can live in water of high temps; some live using energy from ammonia and sulfur gas Classified based on chemical structure/DNA

Classifying Organisms Eukarya

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Usually multicellular Consumers (cannot make food) Usually divided into two main groups: vertebrates (with backbones) and invertebrates (without backbones).

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Vertebrates: only about 5% of animals. Fish: live in water; use gills for oxygen Amphibians: live part of their life in water and part on land; they have smooth skin Reptiles: scaly skin; most live on land, some live in water. Mammals: hair or fur covers body; drink milk from mother Birds: most can fly; have feathers and wings.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Invertebrates: about 95% of animals Sponges (Porifera), Jellyfish (Cnidarians), and Earthworms (Annelida) are very simple. Mollusks: most have shells, but not all do; squid and octopi are examples Echinoderms: live in salt water, body parts in multiples of 5; sea stars Arthropods: segmented bodies; insects, crustaceans, etc.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae 320,000 species Multicellular Get energy from sun (photosynthesis) Classified based on structures and how they use their structures to live; also on how they reproduce.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Some have vascular tissue to transport materials through the plant. Other plants absorb materials from their surroundings. Some plants use seeds in cones, others use seeds in fruit (flowers); some use spores.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi Decomposers – feed on dead of decayed materials. Yeasts, mushrooms, and mold are examples. Can be unicellular or multicellular Classified based on their size, shape, and how they reproduce.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protists Most diverse group in this domain. Most are unicellular, but some live in colonies Can take on characteristics of plants, animals, or fungi. Plant-like use the sun for energy Animal-like are able to move and capture prey Fungus-like are decomposers

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protists Some don’t move at all; those that move do so in a variety of ways, such as a whip-like tail (flagella) or cilia Examples include Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, and algae.