3.1 Algae to plants

BASICS Algae aka seaweed Aquatic photosynthetic members of the Kingdom Protista Unicellular or multicellular 3 unicellular phyla: plant like protist – dinoflagellates, diatoms and euglenoids 3 multicellular phyla, based on color – brown, red or green

MULTICELLULAR ALGAE: Brown algae – phylum phaeophyta Largest and most complex No true leaves nor roots Specialized tissue – pg 91 fig 3.3 C Instead of roots, they have an anchor system called a holdfast Instead of a stem / trunk for support stipe Instead of leaves for photosynthesis blades Ex. Kelp – pg 91

Red algae (phylum rhodophyta) most abundant Pigment – phycoerythrin makes it red Also has chlorophyll, but less of it Ex. Seaweed for sushi

Green algae (phylum chlorophyta) Aquatic, usually in fresh water Some terrestrial, attached to tree trunks or animals like a sloth They are the most “plant-like” algae Same chlorophyll pigments Cell walls made of cellulose Store energy in the form of starch

Evolution – adaptations to land Production of embryos Development of vascular system Allowed for plants to grow in size Two types of vascular tissues: phloem (live cells – carries sugars) and xylem (dead tough cells made of lignin– carries water and minerals) True roots allowed for a strong anchor system True leaves allowed for greater surface area for photosynthesis

Sexual Reproduction Cycle – focused on sporic reprduction Terms to know: Haploid – contains one set of chromosomes Diploid – contains two sets of chromosomes Gametophyte – haploid version of the organism Sporophyte – diploid version of the organism

Summary of reproduction types