Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below: Answer the following question in your bell ringer notebook: 2) Which statement BEST describes the reason why the American colonies developed a separate culture from Great Britain during the era of colonization? A) Americans spoke a different language than the British B) the British practiced a different religion than the Americans C) colonists and Britain were geographically separated by a great distance D) colonists increasingly allied themselves with Native Americans against England Explain your answer!

USHC Standard 1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States. USHC 1.2: Analyze the early development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political system and the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the British Parliament over the right to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War. THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION

Last time in Survey of American History… After the 1690’s, the English government followed a policy of salutary neglect, leaving the colonists to govern themselves. It was the change in this policy that riled the colonists to revolt…

When did England change the policy of salutary neglect in the American colonies? During the French and Indian War Why did England change the policy of salutary neglect in the American colonies? The cost of the French and Indian War caused Great Britain change its policy toward the colonies and imposed taxes to help pay the war debt.

French and Indian War Great Britain, British colonies, France and 12 Native American tribes Over what? 7 Years War Territory

How did England change the policy of salutary neglect in the American colonies? 1. Parliament abandoned salutary neglect and enforced their mercantilist policies by cracking down on smugglers. a. Mercantilism: economic policy of exporting (selling) more than you are importing (buying) 2. They established admiralty courts which violated the right to trial by a jury of ones’ peers, which is a right stated in the Magna Carta. a. Admiralty courts: these courts were given jurisdiction over a number of laws affecting the colonies 3. Parliament imposed taxes on the American colonies: a. Sugar Tax: an indirect import tax which applied to anything imported into the colonies from a country other than Great Britain. b. Stamp Tax: a direct tax on paper products including, but not limited to, stamps.

Tax on sugar imported from foreign colonies Sugar Act (1764) www.tomrichey.net TARIFF ENFORCEMENT Tax on sugar imported from foreign colonies

The Stamp Act (1765) An internal tax on legal documents. A cartoon protesting the Stamp Act. Colonists boycotted British goods in protest, causing Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act the following year. www.tomrichey.net

Why were the colonists so upset Why were the colonists so upset? Parliament’s failure to recognize the exclusive right of the colonial assemblies to collect taxes constituted “taxation without representation”. The colonists began protesting about the loss of their “rights as Englishmen” and against “taxation without representation”. “TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”: The colonists were being forced to pay taxes levied by Parliament. Parliament did NOT include any representatives from the American colonies. Under English law, as stated in the Magna Carta and English Bill of Right, citizens of England could not be taxed if they were not represented in Parliament.

How did the colonists react. 1 How did the colonists react? 1. American colonists protested the admiralty courts and increased smuggling. 2. Colonists strongly opposed the Stamp Act because it was a direct tax rather than an indirect tax, such as the Sugar Act. 3. Colonists created the Sons and Daughters of Liberty and the Stamp Act Congress. 4. Colonists created an effective economic boycott which led to the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Why did the Revolutionary War begin. 1 Why did the Revolutionary War begin? 1. Stationing and quartering of British troops. a. Great Britain sent troops to the American colonies to enforce laws imposed by Parliament. b. Colonists were required to house and feed the British troops with no monetary compensation provided (money). 2. The Boston Massacre. a. The Boston Massacre was caused by the stationing of British troops. A group of colonists began throwing rocks and other debris at a group of British troops. b. The soldiers responded by opening fire into the mob, which further alienated the colonists. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/boston-massacre#boston-massacre

3. The Townshend Acts a. A series of taxes on colonial products such as glass, paint, lead, paper and tea which were designed to raise money to pay the governors and judges in the colonies so they would remain loyal to the King of England 4. The Tea Act a. An act of Parliament meant to sell the surplus of tea held by the British East India Company at bargain prices in the colonies. b. This sale would undercut the price of tea being sold in colonies and further enforce the Townshend Acts.

5. The Boston Tea Party a. A political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all tea imported into the colonies. http://www.history.com/topics/boston-tea-party/videos#the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party i. Monopoly: exclusive control of a commodity or product in a particular market 6. The Intolerable (Coercive) Acts a. A series of laws passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party. b. They acts triggered outrage and resistance in the colonies, and contributed to the American Revolution.

Contemporary Engraving of Boston Harbor, 1774 “Intolerable Acts” (1774) Parliament’s Response to the Boston Tea Party Boston Port CLOSED Massachusetts under Martial Law British troops to be tried in Britain Boston forced to quarter more soldiers Quebec’s (Canada) borders extended Catholicism recognized Contemporary Engraving of Boston Harbor, 1774 (Note ships of war) www.tomrichey.net

7. First Continental Congress a 7. First Continental Congress a. Representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. b. The colonists attending issued the Olive Branch Petition, which outlined both their grievances and their wish to reconcile the issues peacefully. c. The Olive Branch Petition was rejected by Great Britain, and in August of 1775 the colonies were declared in rebellion by England. 8. The “shot heard ‘round the world” at Lexington and Concord a. In 1775 the first shot was fired during a standoff between British forces and colonial militia in Lexington, escalating into the Battle of Lexington and Concord.

Causes of the Revolutionary War Create a timeline using the causes of the Revolutionary War (8/30/12 notes) List the events, in order, that led to the Revolutionary War Illustrate OR write a description for 4 of the 8 events