The Elements of Life Organic Chemistry

Using the periodic table, write down the seven elements you think are most common in the human body and the Earth’s crust. This is a hypothesis so there are no wrong answers. Human Body Earth’s crust 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

How many did you have on your list? Correct them if they are incorrect. Human Body Earth’s crust 1. oxygen (O) 65% 1. oxygen (O) 47% 2. carbon (C) 18% 2. silicon (Si) 28% 3. hydrogen (H) 10% 3. aluminum (Al) 8% 4. nitrogen (N) 3% 4. iron (Fe) 5% 5. calcium (Ca) 1% 5. calcium (Ca) 4% 6. potassium (K) .4% 6. sodium (Na) 3% 7. sulfur (S) .3% 7. potassium (K) 3%

Human Body

The Human Body

Earth’s Crust

All matter on Earth is made up of elements Biotic (living) organisms are made mostly of 6 elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Nitrogen Sulfur SPONCH

C Carbon 6 Carbon 12.011 carbon is key to life and is present in all organic compounds Carbon is found free in nature in three forms: graphite coal diamond

Carbon Makes up 18.5% of the human body Carbon is in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide Dissolved in all natural water Component of many rocks like limestone Makes up fossil fuels It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Modern Model Bohr Model

Carbon Can have 4 different bonds with other elements straight chains branched chains rings ring straight chain branched chain

Carbon Find carbon on the periodic table and color it yellow

H Hydrogen 1 Hydrogen 1.008 Lightest element Only 1 proton in the nucleus Most abundant element in the universe Make up 75% of the mass of the universe In the atmosphere Part of water

Hydrogen Makes up 9.5% of the human body Hydrogen is a major component of the sun and stars Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen Hydrogen can be explosive The Hindenburg

Hydrogen Find hydrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

Nitrogen 7 N 14.007 Nitrogen nitrogen makes up 70% of the Earth’s atmosphere usually a colorless, odorless gas major part of proteins used to make fertilizers plants need nitrogen to stay healthy

Nitrogen The nitrogen cycle is very important for life

Nitrogen Find nitrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

O Oxygen 8 Oxygen 15.999 necessary for life on Earth around 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen component of water makes up 65% of the human body Third most abundant element in the sun

Oxygen Find oxygen on the periodic table and color it yellow

P Phosphorus 15 30.974 Phosphorus needed to make DNA part of bones and teeth there are several types white, red, and black It combusts spontaneously in air part of ATP (what cells use for energy)

Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus Find phosphorous on the periodic table and color it yellow

S Sulfur 16 32.066 Sulfur pale yellow, odorless solid minor part of fats, body fluids and skeletal minerals key component of proteins dangerous if inhaled as hydrogen sulfide

Sulfur Found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs sulfur dioxide is part of acid rain

Sulfur Find sulfur on the periodic table and color it yellow

Organic Elements