Warm- Up TOC: 25. Minerals 26. Mineral Chart 27. Pg. 61 Pt. 1 Answer the following questions in your notebook. What is the difference between an element and a compound? Why would you not expect to find neon in a mineral? What are the 3 subatomic particles and their respective charges? TOC: 25. Minerals 26. Mineral Chart 27. Pg. 61 Pt. 1 Keywords: Mineral Silicates Carbonates Oxides Native Elements

Minerals

Minerals Occur naturally: synthetic gems are not minerals Inorganic: non- living, nor made by living organisms Orderly crystalline structure: highly organized on the molecular level

Mineral Formation The nearly 4000 minerals found in Earth’s crust from in different ways. Four major processes form minerals: Crystallization from magma Precipitation Pressure and temperature Hydrothermal solutions Matching Minerals

Crystallization from Magma Magma is molten rock Elements combine during cooling through bonding Minerals rich in aluminum, potassium, and sodium are common

Precipitation Water has dissolved substances As water evaporates, elements left behind will combine Stalactites are examples

Pressure and Temperature Tremendous pressure or high temperatures can cause atoms to rearrange in a more orderly fashion Higher order leads to a crystal Temperature can change one mineral into another

Hydrothermal Solutions Superhot (100- 300C) mixture of water and elements Cooling can lead to crystallization Mixture can also react with other minerals to change them

Silicates Silicates: about 90% of Earth’s crust; composed of silicon and oxygen combinations; silicate olivine

Carbonates Carbonates: second most common; contain carbon, oxygen, and at least one metal; dolomite

Oxides Oxides: contain oxygen and one or more other element, usually a metal; common from magma; rust, corundum

Sulfates and Sulfides Sulfates and Sulfides: contain sulfur and usually from from evaporation of water; gypsum and pyrite

Halides Halides: contain a halogen ion (group 7a) and at least one other element (NaCl)

Mineral Groups Native Elements: minerals that exist in their pure elemental form; gold, silver, copper, carbon (diamonds and graphite)

Assignment Mineral Recap Copy the flow chart for mineral types from the board and complete. On pg. 61 complete 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 17-19 ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES