Classification of Matter

“STUFF” The “stuff” that makes up everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. Each specific substance has its own combination of properties or characteristics that can be used to identify the substance.

What is matter made up of? Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are tiny particles that makeup elements. ALL matter is composed of elements. Atoms Element

Elements All the different kinds of matter in the universe are made from about 100 different substances called elements. An element is the simplest type of a pure substance. It cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.

Each element has its own symbol that represents the name of the element. Carbon C Oxygen O Aluminum Al Mercury Hg

Compounds Hydrogen (H) + Oxygen (O) makes H2O Elements combine to form compounds. A compound is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined. Hydrogen (H) + Oxygen (O) makes H2O water

Elements in a compound do not keep their original properties. = Sodium Chloride Chlorine + Sodium Table Salt Sodium is a soft, explosive metal. Chlorine is a green, toxic gas.

No number after the O tells you there is 1 oxygen In a compound, elements are combined in a specific ratio. Each compound is represented by a formula that shows the ratio of elements in the compound. H= hydrogen O= oxygen H20 2 tells you there are 2 hydrogen No number after the O tells you there is 1 oxygen

You try… CO2 How many carbons (C)? 1 How many oxygen (O)? 2 AlSiO4 How many aluminums (Al)? How many silicon (Si)? 4

Molecules The smallest portion of a compound that still has all the properties of that compound. 1 molecule Many molecules

Mixtures A mixture is made from two or more substances that are together in the same place but not chemically combined. The substances are just mixed together, not combined together!

The substances in a mixture keep their individual properties. The parts of a mixture are not present in a specific ratio. This is why we can taste chocolate and milk in chocolate milk! This is why we can make chocolate milk more or less chocolaty!

2 Types of Mixtures A heterogeneous mixture appears to be different throughout.

2. A homogeneous mixture appears to be the same throughout.