Developed by: Jill Swanger for 2nd graders STARS Sizes, Brightness, Patterns Developed by: Jill Swanger for 2nd graders

(Star Wars theme song playing from CD in background) Table of Contents (Star Wars theme song playing from CD in background) Title Slide Georgia Performance Standard Definition of a Star Elements of a Star (Pie Chart) Physical Attributes (Flow Chart) Brightness of a Star (Organization Table) Sizes of a Star Life Cycle of a Star Patterns of a Star (Bar Graph) Video Clip of the Sun Conclusion Glossary References

Georgia Performance Standard 2nd Grade Science Standard Earth Science S2E1: Students will understand that stars have different sizes, brightness, and patterns. a. Describe the physical attributes of stars – sizes, brightness, and patterns. www.georgiastandards.org

What is a star? A gaseous sphere found in outer space. A star is held together by its own gravitation. It emits light through its source of nuclear energy.

Elements of a Star

Physical Attributes of Stars

What causes a star’s brightness? Hhhmmm! I wonder which 2 factors? Take a look at the table on the following slide. Determine what 2 main factors influence the brightness of a star (as seen from Earth)!

Brightness 1 2 3 4 5 5 Brightest Stars Sirius Canopus Alpha Centauri A Rank Star Brightness Distance from Earth Location 1 Sirius 23 x more luminous than sun 8.5 light years Constellation Canis Major 2 Canopus 14,000 x more luminous than sun 316 light years Constellation Carina 3 Alpha Centauri A 1.5 x more luminous than sun 4.3 light years Alpha Centauri System 4 Arcturus 215 x more luminous than sun 37 light years Beside Ursa Major 5 Vega 54 x more luminous than sun 25 light years Lyra

What are the 2 main factors? Did you think about it? What are the 2 main factors? Distance from the Earth Luminosity (compared to the Sun)

Physical Attributes of Stars

Are all stars the same size? Sizes Are all stars the same size?

Sizes…(continued) What do you notice about all of these stars below?

Sizes…(continued) Tell me two types of sizes stars can have. Let’s put them on our physical attributes chart!

Physical Attributes of Stars

Life Cycle of Stars Sun-like Stars (1.5 X mass of sun) Red Giant Stellar Nursery Planetary Nebula Black Dwarf White Dwarf

Life Cycle of Stars…(continued)

What patterns can stars create?

Constellations Stars can form patterns in the sky known as constellations. Who can tell me the name of a constellation? This constellation is Orion (the hunter).

Orion

How many stars does it take to make a pattern?

KidsAstronomy.com - Earth The night sky What constellations are in the sky right now? KidsAstronomy.com - Earth

Physical Attributes of Stars

What is the sun? Did you know that the sun is a large star? Check out this video on the sun! http://www.solarviews.com/raw/sun/sunb.mov

Conclusion What are the 3 physical attributes of a star? Tonight, look at the sky and write down what you see!

Glossary attributes: characteristics luminous: brightness

References Arkansas/Oklahoma Astronomical Society. (2005). Retrieved July 23, 2005, from http://www.aoas.org/albums/astrophotos/gentry_night_sky_2.jpg Constellations and Their Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2005, from http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/extra/constellations.html Enchanted Learning. (1999-2005). Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/lifecycle/ Georgia Department of Education. (2005). Retrieved July 18, 2005, from www.georgiaperformancestandards.org Imaginova Corp. (2005). Retrieved July 20, 2005, from http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/brightest_stars_030715-2.html Kid Astronomy. (1998-2004). Retrieved July 20, 2005, from http://www.kidsastronomy.com/astroskymap/constellations.htm

References…(continued) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2005. from http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/961112a.html Nikomi (2005). Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.nikomi.net/english/astronomy/starsizes.htm Solar Views. (1996-2003). Retrieved July 21, 2005,. From http://www.solarviews.com/raw/sun/sunb.mov Yahoo, Inc. (2005). Retrieved July 18, 2005, from http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=44982