Agenda: Fabulous Friday March 4, 2016 Warm-Up The Century – The Best Years Home Fun: FN: Ch. 12 Sec. 1 The Cold War Begins Warm-Up After watching this week in a rap write down three things that happened this week. Choose one and explain why you think it was important. 3 bullet points 1-2 sentences US History Week 8

Ch 12 Section 1 The Cold War Begins EQ – How did U.S. leaders respond to the threat of soviet expansion?

Ideological Origins- A Conflict of Systems Roots of the Cold War Ideological Origins- A Conflict of Systems United States Economic system: (mostly) laissez-faire capitalism Political system: Democratic elections Social system: Religious, legal equality stressed Soviet Union Economic system: Marxist socialist government order Political system: Controlled by communist party Social system: atheistic, economic equality stressed Why would people living in one of these nations distrust the other?

The Cold War an Ideological struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world-wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Roots of the Cold War Disagreement on future of Eastern Europe Stalin: Keep Germany weak and divided. Eastern Europe controlled by U.S.S.R U.S.: Stronger united Germany and independent Eastern Europe. Wanted free elections

Meeting the Soviet Challenge Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech: (Fulton, Missouri) Speaking out against Soviet control. Stated democratic countries need to stand firm Greece and Turkey Given aid by the U.S. to prevent communism taking hold

The Truman Doctrine President Truman’s promise to aid Nations struggling against communism Will be the basis for many decisions made during the Cold War

Containing Soviet Expansion Containment: keep communism contained within its existing borders

Containing Soviet Expansion The Marshall Plan:$13 billion in grants and loans to nations in Western Europe to help rebuild and resist communism Aid offered to Soviet Satellite States. Stalin refused to let them accept it

The Cold War Heats Up Berlin Airlift: Stalin created a blockade on the city to route out Western influence. UK and US met the cities needs via air for a year. (Food, fuel, medical supplies, clothing) Showed how far the U.S. would go to protect Europe from communism

Cold War Alliances NATO: 1949 alliance formed . “an armed attack against one or more of them…shall be considered an attack against them all” Collective security Warsaw Pact: Soviet response. Allies were controlled firmly by the U.S.S.R

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania

Warsaw Pact NATO