Chapter 25: Odds and Ends

Booker T. Washington “accomodationist” Ex-slave Believed in self-help Trades Lifting oneself up by the “bootstraps” Tuskegee Institute Education -> Economic independence -> Social equality

W.E.B. DuBois 1st African American to earn their PhD (Harvard) Born and raised in Mass. Demanded economic and social equality Believed BTW condemned black Americans to a life of manual labor Helped found the NAACP “talented tenth”

Education Increasing number of colleges and universities Opportunities for men, women and African Americans Land-grant colleges- created under the Morrill Act of 1862 and later extended Federal grant of public land for education Later became state colleges and universities (also sea-grant colleges to study sea life)

Yellow Journalism Sensationalism Sex and scandal to sell papers Used newsboys to sell papers Cheap- “penny press” Some fiction Joseph Pulitzer New York World William Randolph Hearst New York Journal

Reform Henry George- Progress and Poverty 100% tax on property tax (unearned income from increasing property values) Only affected the “propertied” class Edward Bellamy- Looking Backward Utopian socialism Industrialized society serves the public interest

Changes New Morality- more freedom for women Impact: increasing divorce rate, use of birth control measures, open discussions on sex Urban life difficult for families Increased divorce rate, married later in life Everyone worked- downfall of paternal family structure & increase of independent women Smaller families Birth control

Reform: Women’s Suffrage National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman Catt Argued women needed vote b/c of their role in city affairs- health, urban leagues, schools, etc.. Did not use equality Wyoming Territory- 1st to grant suffrage Nearly every central and western state granted right prior to the 19th amendment

Reform: Prohibition Middle class fight against working class Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Frances E. Willard Carrie Nation- “Kansas Cyclone” Used a hatchet to chop up saloons Hurt prohibition movement

18th Amendment: Prohibition 1919

“City Beautiful” Transform urban spaces Creation of parks and public spaces Lighted streets Boulevards Olmstead’s Central Park project Daniel Burnham- World’s Columbian Exposition

Chicago World’s Fair (1893) Create a DETAILED web of everything you can remember about the fair from your reading of The Devil in the White City Info on next slide QUESTION: By the late 1890s Americans believed they were superior and had a “white man’s burden” to christianize and colonize other areas of the globe. What examples from the book illustrate our white superiority? Include pg. #s.

Your web starter: Chicago World’s Fair Location Architectural Features Attractions & Buildings Inventions Shows Difficulties/ Problems Miscellaneous/ Other

UPCOMING…. Chapter 25 Test on Wednesday REVIEW: Read Chapter 7 in the review book. Questions 1-10 due on Friday Quiz online over weekend