Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Starr Biology book

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ch 6 Cellular Respiration. Energy for life ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose Cellular respiration in mitochondria H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2  
Advertisements

Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration Chapter 8.3.
How Cells Release Stored Energy Chapter Main Types of Energy-Releasing Pathways Aerobic pathways Evolved later Require oxygen Start with glycolysis.
Cellular Respiration 7.3 Aerobic Respiration.
Ch 9- Cellular Respiration How do we get the energy we need? – Food – What in food gives us the energy we need? Cellular Respiration- process that releases.
The Krebs Cycle Biology 11 Advanced
Overview of Cellular Respiration Section 4.4 Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. If a step requires oxygen, it is called aerobic.
Lecture #4Date _________ Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy.
Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationSection 3 CH7: Cellular Respiration.
December 5, 2012Caring Requisite: required; necessary Do Now: You will read a news release. In your journal you must write your opinion and provide solid.
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
How Cells Release Stored Energy Chapter 8. Photosynthesizers get energy from the sun Photosynthesizers get energy from the sun Animals get energy second-
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 6. Organelles where aerobic respiration produces energy molecule ATP Mitochondrial diseases affect body’s ability.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cellular Respiration process where cells break down sugars to produce.
How Cells Release Stored Energy Cell respiration.
Cellular Respiration.
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration. Outline Day 1 –Energy Flow and Carbon Cycling –Overview of Energy Metabolism –Redox Reactions –Electrons and Role of Oxygen.
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water (+38 ATP) CELLULAR RESPIRATION VIDEO: CRASHCOURSE RESPIRATION SUMMARY.
Cellular Respiration What is Cellular Respiration? Step-by-step breakdown of high- energy glucose molecules to release energy Takes place day and night.
Ch. 6: Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy.
KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.
The ability to perform work
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
Cell Respiration.
CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131
Cellular respiration Biological Energy.
Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION.
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration 8.3.
Higher Biology Cellular Respiration Mr G R Davidson.
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis.
Chapter 9 – Respiration.
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration Section 9-3.
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
The Krebs Cycle Biology 11 Advanced
Bellringer Get out your photosynthesis notes: Add questions (at least 2 per page) and a summary to your notes. Summary 3 things you learned 2 things you.
How Cells Release Stored Energy
KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. Cellular respiration is an aerobic process with two main.
CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Chapter 9– Respiration.
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Cellular Respiration a real brain twister
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration Releases Energy from Organic Compounds
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP.
Aerobic Respiration Section 9:2.
Cellular Respiration a real brain twister
Chapter 9 Cellular respiration
7.1 Cellular Respiration.
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
THE PROCESS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration Academic Biology.
Presentation transcript:

Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Starr Biology book How Cells Release Stored Energy 8.1 ATP Is Universal Energy Source Photosynthesizers get energy from the ___________ to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis Animals get energy second- or third-hand from plants or other organisms Regardless, the matter/energy is ___________ _____ and converted to the ___________ bond ___________ of ATP

Importance of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process where cells break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy C6H12O6(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) +energy

Respiration - chemical bonds of food molecules are broken down New bonds form in resulting chemical products ALWAYS takes energy to break chemical bonds Energy is ALWAYS released when new bonds broken More energy is released than consumed Progression of Reaction A + B  C + D ___________ ___________

Electron Carriers aka _______________ NADH Donates electrons in cellular processes NAD+ ___________ electrons in cellular processes FADH2 FAD+

L.E.O. goes G.E.R. Lose Electrons ___________ Gain Electrons ___________ O.I.L. R.I.G. Oxidation if lost Reduction if gained Reduction and Oxidation are paired reactions often called ______________ reactions. The transfer of electrons releases/traps energy HYDROGENS ALSO substitute in THESE situations

Energy for most cellular processes are supplied by: ___________ Typical human cell estimated to contain 1.0x109 molecules ATP Continually broken down to ___________ + Pi Release energy to do work Reformed to be used again

Section 8.2 Glucose A ___________ sugar (C6H12O6) Atoms held together by ___________ bonds Glucose is used by… In-text figure Page 126

Glycolysis Takes place ________ the presence of oxygen Greek for “Sugar splitting” Glucose molecule (___carbon sugar) breaks down to two pyruvate molecules (___ carbon sugar) Takes place ________ the presence of oxygen Occurs in the ___________ (cytosol) of the cell Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) moves into the mitochondria via a transport protein

Glycolysis Key Steps Energy-requiring steps Two ATP molecules are used - an ________________of energy to break glucose into 2 molecules of _____________ Energy-releasing steps Redox reactions occur 2 NAD+  2 ______ Enough energy is released to join 4 ADP molecules with 4 P molecules  this forms 4 _______ molecules

ENERGY-REQUIRING STEPS fructose–1,6–bisphosphate Glycolysis ENERGY-REQUIRING STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS glucose ATP 2 ATP invested ADP P glucose–6–phosphate P fructose–6–phosphate ATP ADP P P fructose–1,6–bisphosphate DHAP Fig. 8-4b, p.127

Glycolysis 2 ATP produced ATP ADP P pyruvate H2O ATP ATP Fig. 8-4d, p.127 Glycolysis NADH NADH ATP ATP 2 ATP produced

Glycolysis When complete, cell has consumed one glucose molecule, 2 ATP produced 2 ATP molecules, two NADH molecules and two pyruvate molecules These ATP molecules are available to do cell work (the others continue into the next cycles) REACTANTS PRODUCTS 2 pyruvate 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP + Pi

CELLULAR RESPIRATION- Section 8.3 Second Stage Reactions- OVERVIEW PYRUVATE OXIDATION ____________ is oxidized into two-carbon acetyl units and carbon dioxide NADH traps energy (NAD+ is reduced) CITRIC ACID CYCLE- KREBS CYCLE The acetyl units are broken down (oxidized) to __________ __________ NADH and FADH2 trap energy (NAD+ and FAD are reduced)

Pyruvate Oxidation Pyruvate oxidation is a chemical ____________ connecting glycolysis in cytoplasm with the Kreb’s cycle in the mitochondrial matrix The 2 pyruvate molecules must be transported through the _____ mitochondrial membranes into the matrix

Key Steps in Pyruvate Oxidation One __________ is removed from each pyruvate – CO2 released as a ______________ product Energy released from pyruvate trapped in ________ Remaining 2-C compounds become an acetic acid group Coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to acetic acid - forms __________________ This acetyl-CoA enters the Citric Acid Cycle- Krebs cycle

Key Steps of the Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle occurs ____________ for each molecule of glucose processed Acetyl-CoA enters and releases the CoA enzyme, which is __________________ for the next pyruvate and the Acetyl is further _________________ _____________ During one cycle three NAD+s and one FAD are ___________ forms three NADHs and one FADH2 one ADP + Pi combine to form one _________ two __________ molecules are produced and released as waste

Key Features of the Krebs Cycle ALL 6 carbon atoms of glucose have been oxidized to CO2 Released from cell as ____________ waste All that remains is some free ____________ in form of ATP and high-energy NADH and FADH2 NADH and FADH2 go on to Electron Transport Chain Here much of their energy will be ____________ to ATP

The Krebs Cycle Overall Reactants Overall Products Acetyl-CoA 3 NAD+ FAD ADP and Pi Overall Products Coenzyme A- ____________ 2 CO2 - ____________ 3 NADH - ____________ FADH2 - ____________ ATP - ____________

Section 8.4 Electron Transport Chain OVERVIEW Occurs in the inner membrane of ________________ Coenzymes deliver NADH and FADH2 to the electron transfer chain (inner membrane) Oxygen is ______________ Water is _____________ __________ is produced

Stage 4: Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis

Key Steps for Electron Transfer ___________________ AND ________________ are removed from NADH and FADH2 (releasing energy) NADH breaks down to NAD+, _______ (hydrogen ion), and _______ (electron) FADH2 breaks down to FAD+, 2H+, and 2e- Each molecule has a specific role: NAD+ and FAD+ are recycled to capture more energy The electron transfers thru membrane and providing ___________ to _________ H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane. This generates a H+ concentration _________________

Key Steps for Electron Transfer ATP is produced when hydrogen ions __________ back through channel protein called __________________________. This enzyme adds _________________ to ADP to generate ATP! = CHEMIOSMOSIS Each glucose molecule produces ____________ ATP molecules  The remaining H+ ions, e- and oxygen form _______________.

Summary of ATP Energy Harvest (per 1 molecule of glucose) Glycolysis ___ ATP formed Prep Step and Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain

Where does the ATP go? After ATP molecules are formed by chemiosmosis they are transported through both mitochondrial membranes Used to drive processes requiring energy Examples:

Section 8.5 Anaerobic Pathways aka Fermentation Do _______ use oxygen Produce less ATP than aerobic pathways Two types of Fermentation Pathways ________________________ Fermentation _________________________ Fermentation

Fermentation Pathways Begins with ______________in the cytoplasm Yield only the __________ from glycolysis Steps that follow glycolysis serve only to regenerate NAD+ to capture more energy from the next glycolysis cycle

Alcoholic Fermentation used by _______and some plants glycolysis C6H12O6 2 ATP energy input 2 ADP 2 NAD+ Alcoholic Fermentation used by _______and some plants ____________________ is formed 2 NADH 4 ATP 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net ethanol formation 2 H2O 2 CO2 2 acetaldehyde electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 ethanol Fig. 8-10d, p.132

Lactic Acid Fermentation used by ____________ glycolysis C6H12O6 ATP 2 energy input 2 ADP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 4 ATP 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net Lactic Acid Fermentation used by ____________ and other microorganisms; produces Lactic Acid electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 lactate Fig. 8-11, p.133

Questions #1-8 How does glycolysis result in a net gain of two ATP molecules? What is the role of pyruvate in cellular respiration? In what two ways is the Krebs cycle important for making ATP? How does the electron transport chain depend on the Krebs cycle? Explain the functions of electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the electron transport chain. What is the relationship between glycolysis and fermentation? How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar? Different? Describe the similarities and differences between cellular respiration and fermentation.